Biochemistry 3380G Lecture 7: Oct 3.docx
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2 Feb 2015
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Carbohydrates, or sugars, are one of the four main classes of compounds in living cells. In cells, pentoses and hexoses are predominantly found in ring or cyclic structures, which are commonly depicted using haworth projections. Determined by comparing the position of the hydroxyl formed at the anomeric carbon relative to the highest-numbered carbon in the molecule. Configuration when groups are on the same side: when the ring forms is adopts or configuration at random, since cyclization is reversible, it converts readily between the and forms. Cyclization of fructose: hydroxyl on c5 attacks the c2 ketone. Pyranoses vs furanoses: monosaccharide that exists in 5 membered ring is furanose, while those in a 6 membered ring are pyranose. Polysaccharides as energy storage: glycogen (in animals) Chains of 12-14 glucose monomers joined in (1 4) linkage. Interior chains have two branch points with (1 6) linkages. First chain is covalently attached to the protein glycogenin.
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