Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Ribosomal Rna, Light-Independent Reactions, Genetic Drift
1 May 2013
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Document Summary
Have mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as a nucleus. Chlamy has 120,000 kilobases (1000 base pairs) in the nuclear genome. Chloroplast has 200 kilobases, and mitochondrion has 16 kilobases. Chromosomes in mitochondrion & chloroplasts are circular chromosomes as opposed to linear in the nucleus. Present in many copies in each organelle. Should assume that it"s kind of similar in size to that of the ancient prokaryotes that have given rise to mitochondria & chloroplasts, but e. coli has about 5000 genes in about 5000 kb. If there"s 5000 genes, and 5000 kb, 1 gene is about 1000 base pairs; each amino acid needs 3 bases to code each codon, so there"s about 300 amino acids in a typical average protein. Has only 169 genes in only 115 kilobases of circular cpdna. This genome has gone from 5000 kb down to 115 kb over evolutionary time. Humans have only 37 genes in only 16 kb of circular mtdna.
