Biology 2483A Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Parasitism, Parasitoid, Lignin
9 Jun 2016
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Document Summary
Symbionts: organisms that live in or on other organisms. Most species are attacked by more than one kind of parasite, even parasites have parasites. Many parasites are closely adapted to particular host species why there are so many species of parasites. Many fungi are ectoparasites others: fleas, mites, foot fungus. Aphids, beetles, cicadas, etc thought of as herbivores and parasites. Disease organisms are endoparasites, ex. yersinia pestis: the plague. Bacterial pathogens cause soft rot, fungi can rot the plant from inside out. Some invade vascular tissues disrupting water flow and nutrients. Endoparasites evolved different mechanisms of dispersal: complex life cycles, enslaver parasites, feces protected from the environment and have easy access to food but can be attacked by the immune system. Ectoparasites more exposed to predators, parasites and parasitoids. Some hosts encapsulate endoparasites or their eggs to make them harmless: some insects have lamellocytes blood cells that can form multicellular capsules around large object like nematodes.
