Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Blood Sugar, Streptococcus, Liquid Oxygen
17 Feb 2014
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Lecture 1: dna, the molecule of heredity and biological information. Key concepts: what is information, quantitating information, dna is the genetic material, chemical structure of dna. For example the gene coding for insulin: coding sequence comprises 1789 base pairs, codes for a hormone, secreted by islet cells in the pancreas, important in maintaining blood glucose levels. Example: device #3: uncertainty = log2(4) = 2 bits, how much information could device. For dna 4 possible symbols a, g, c or t: uncertainty= log2(4) = 2 bits. For the insulin gene, the information content is 1789[log2(4)] = 3578 bits: note: these calculations assume an equal probability (0. 25) of seeing each symbol in the sequence. If you were to unambiguously convert a dna sequence into a string 1"s and 0"s, you would need, on average, 2 bits/symbol. Two different types of colonies can emerge with streptococcus pneumonia formation of smooth colonies and rough colonies. Smooth colonies are virulent and rough colonies are avirulent.
