Biology 3466B Lecture : Evolution Notes

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purplejackal117

3 Feb 2012

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Phylogeny of apes (1863): occurred 4 years after origin of the species. It is based on morphological and molecular evidence and characteristics. The old world monkeys are a sister group to apes. It goes old world monkeys, apes (gibbons), great apes (orangutan), african great apes. The african great apes is a polytomy because the relationship among gorillas, chimps, and humans was not resolved at this point. Synapomorphies: traits of african great apes elongated skull, enlarged brow ridge, shortened stout canine teeth, changes in front of upper jaw, fusion of certain bones in wrist, enlarged ovaries and mammary glands, changes in muscular anatomy, reduced hairiness. These traits would have been used to infer the tree and synapomorphies. Traits of great apes large brain, no tail, more erect posture, more flexibility in hips, ankles, wrists, and thumbs, changes in structure and use of arm and shoulder. Phylogeny using mtdna: resolves the polytomy and shows the relationship among the african great apes.

Related Questions

What is the only type of shared character state that is informative for establishing evolutionary relationships on a phylogenetic tree?

A. Only homologies that are symplesiomorphic are informative.

B. All homologies are equally informative.

C. Only homoplastic traits (i.e. analogies) are informative.

D. Only homologies that are parsimonious are informative.

E. Only homologies that are synapomorphic are informative.

3. Define mitosomes and hydrogenosomes. What is the function of each? What is the evidence that these organelles are derived from mitochondria? What are some specific organisms that possess each of these organelles? 4. Describe/draw the âtypicalâ life cycle of a Poriferan. Include sexual and asexual reproduction and dispersal. 5. How are metazoan synapomorphies related to the evolution of a multicellular organism? What are some other traits that generally characterize metzoans (not necessarily synapomorphies or unique to metazoans)? 6. Draw a diagram or provide a detailed, comprehensible explanation of the body structure and movement of water through an asconoid sponge. What cells are responsible for generating these water currents? Is current through the sponge dependent on water flow in the external environment?

graygoldfish379

1. What is the theory of endosymbiosis as it relates to theformation of the first eukaryotes ?

2. What is the physiological explanation for differences in skincolor? What is the selective advantage of light skin in northernlatitudes?

3. What is the genetic evidence that supports the idea that allhuman are descendants of a single woman in Africa?

4. What are the selective pressures that existed in the AfricanRift Valley that drove human evolution? Particularly focus on thetraits examined in the âBecoming Human Seriesâ: larger brain size,hairlessness, and bipedalism. What advantages did the developmentof these traits give the predecessors of humans?

5. What is the relationship between Neanderthals and Humans?What advantages did humans have over Neanderthals if any?

Biology 3466B Lecture : Evolution Notes

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