Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Prokaryote, Globulin, Organelle
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24 Jan 2017
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Meiosis produces daughter nuclei that are different in that they have one half the number of chromosomes the parental nucleus had. The cells that are products of meiosis may function as gametes in animals and as spores in plants and many fungi. Chromosomes are the genetic units divided by mitosis: most eukaryotes have two copies of each type of chromosome in their nuclei, and their chromosome complement is said to be diploid, or 2n. I. e. baker"s yeast is an example of an organism that can grow as a diploid (2n=32) and as a haploid (n=16) Ploidy is the number of chromosomes sets of a cell or species: before a cell divides in mitosis, duplication of each chromosome produces two identical copies of each chromosome called sister chromatids. Newly formed sister chromatids are held together tightly by sister chromatid cohesion, in which proteins called cohesins encircle the sister chromatids along their length.
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