Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - The Double Helix, Dna Replication, Guanine

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19 Nov 2012

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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are the four main types of biological macromolecules. The structure of carbohydrates and lipids is repetitive and so are not likely to carry information. The structure of proteins and nucleic acids are built of various combinations of amino acids and nucleotides making them likely for carrying information. Dna contains four different nucleotides. (adenine-guanine, thymine-cytosine) Each nucleotide consists of five carbon sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of the four nitrogenous bases. Adenine and guanine are purines and thymine and cytosine are pyrimidine. The double helix model of two sugar-phosphate backbones are separated from each other by a regular distance. Watson and crick proposed semi conservative replication the process of dna replication in which the two parental strands separate and each serves as a template for the synthesis of new progeny double stranded dna molecules. Dna polymerase can add a nucleotide only to the 3" end of an existing nucleotide chain.

Related Questions

Why did Watson and Crick suggest that purines connect with pyrimidines between DNA strands?

Why did Watson and Crick suggest that adenine binds with thymine and guanine binds with cytosine between two DNA strands?

How many amino acids exist in living organisms?

Draw an amino acid. What are the adenine binds with thymine and guanine binds with cytosine between two DNA strands?

Which of the four components of an amino acid differ from one to the next?

How do R-groups vary by polarity?

Which type of R-groups bend toward water? Away from water?

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

The term replication refers to DNA's abilityto

a. attack bacteriaphages

b. make copies of itself

c. respond to X-ray photography

d. twist into a helix

Meselson and Stahl performed thedensity-gradient centrifugation of DNA in a solution of calciumchloride.

a. True

b. False

Sulfur is

a. found in bacteria but not viruses.

b. found in proteins but not nucleic acids.

c. found in nucleic acid but notproteins.

d. found in viruses but not bacteria.

e. needed for bacteriophages to attach tobacteria.

Chargaff's rule state that in DNA, the amount ofadenine equals

a. the amount of cytosine

b. the amount guanine

c. the amount of thymine

d. the amount of guanine and thymine

Each complete turn of the DNA helix is howlong?

b. 5.0 nm

Griffin did an experiment in which live Rbacteria was changed by dead S bacteria. Such a change is anexample of

Select one:

a. translocation

b. transformation

c. transduction

d. fertilization

One of Chargaff's rules state

a. A + T = G + C

b. A + G = T + C

c. A = G, T = C

d. A = C, T = G

The diameter of the DNA ladder is always

c. 2.0 nm

Which of the following is a purine base?

b. malomine

According to the base pairing rules, guaninebinds with

a. guanine

b. adenine

c. thymine

d. cytosine

Which of the following is a pyrimidinebase?

Select one:

a. colchicines

b. guanine

c. adenine

d. None of the answers

e. thymine

Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is constructedof

Select one:

a. a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and anitrogen base

b. a phosphate group, a six carbon sugar,and a nitrogen base

c. a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and aoxygen base

d. a sulfur group, a five carbon sugar molecule,and a nitrogen base

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Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - The Double Helix, Dna Replication, Guanine

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