Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Sister Chromatids, Spindle Apparatus, Nuclear Membrane
Document Summary
Mitosis: splits eukaryotic cells into two genetically identical cells. Metaphase: each chromosome is attached to both spindle poles. Prophase: dna (chromatin) condenses into chromosomes (spindle poles form) Prometaphase: nuclear envelope dissolves; spindle elongates and attaches to chromosomes: spindle moves chromosomes to midline, halfway between spindle poles. Anaphase: cohesion holding sister chromatids together dissolves, allowing separation: sister chromatids pulled to opposite sides. Telophase/cytokinesis: cell membrane pinches inward, forming two cells: nuclear envelope reforms, sister chromatids decondense, each daughter cell has one of each sister chromatid pair! Stage of cell division (given micrograph of dividing cell) Molecular machine that moves chromosomes during mitosis. Have two spindle poles that move to opposite sides of cell, one for each resulting daughter cells. Made of microtubules that radiate outward from microtubule organizing centres. Cannot pierce through nuclear envelope, so nuclear envelope must be dissolved first. Can only grab chromosome when very end touches the chromosome and only remain attached.