Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Endergonic Reaction, Carbonic Anhydrase, Photosystem I

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viridiancricket542

23 Aug 2017

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Lecture 6: individual reactions that make up metabolism are grouped in pathways, catabolic pathway: a series of chemical reactions that results in the breakdown of larger, more-complex molecules into smaller, less- complex ones. Energy is released and the products have less free energy than the reactants (exothermic and exergonic) ex. Food molecules are broken down into h2o, co2: anabolic pathway/ biosynthetic pathways: a series of reactions that results in the synthesis of larger, more-complex molecules from simpler starting molecules. Products have more energy than the reactants (endothermic and endergonic) ex. Photosynthesis: these pathways are connected by chemical energy or atp. The energy released from catabolic pathway is used for anabolic pathway: light reaction: capture of light energy by pigment molecules and the utilization of that energy to synthesize both nadph and atp. Nadp+ is reduced by the oxidation of h2o, resulting in the release of o2: calvin cycle: energy of atp and nadph is used to convert co2 to carbohydrate.

Related Questions

One feature of a prokaryote that is not found in a eukaryote includes what?

A. a plasma membrane

B. ribosomes

C. lack of nucleus

D. DNA

E. cytoplasm

Which is a series of interconnected membranous tubules that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids?

A. endoplasmic reticulum

B. vacuole

C. nucleus

D. lysosome

E. Golgi apparatus

What kind of metabolic pathway takes small molecules and builds them into larger ones, requiring energy?

A. catabolic

B. anabolic

C. bioenergetics

D. metabolism

Why canât cells store extra free energy?

A. it would result in an increase of heat, which would denature enzymes

B. it would result in a lack of space, which would keep out other molecules

C. they can store free energy, which is why we are able to survive

D. it would result in a lowering of heat, which would freeze the cells

Reactions that absorb free energy are called what?

A. potential

B. kinetic

C. exergonic

D. endergonic

1. What is meant by catabolic and anabolic reactions? Give an example of each.

2. Is the DG for an exergonic reaction more than or less than zero? What about an endergonic reaction? In which type of reaction do the products have more energy than the reactants? Why?

3. How do metabolic pathways keep from reaching equilibrium?

4. Describe the components of ATP. What is the purpose of ATP in the cell? How is it recycled?

5. What is meant by the E_A of a reaction? How do enzymes affect the E_A and the DG of a reaction?

6. Describe the cycle of an enzyme as it catalyzes a reaction.

7. How does an enzyme lower the E_A of a reaction?

8. What is the difference between a competitive and a non-competitive inhibitor of an enzyme? Which type of inhibition can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration? Why?

9. Describe how an allosteric enzyme works.

10. Why is feedback inhibition important in metabolic pathways?

11. Define Energy. What are the different types of Energy?

12. What are the laws of Thermodynamics?

13. Explain redox reactions.

3) The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if you dissolve sucrose in water and keep the solution overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why?

Select one:

a. The change in free energy of the reaction is negative.

b. The activation energy of the reaction is high.

c. The free energy of the products is higher than the free energy of the reactants.

d. This is a condensation reaction.

e. The change in free energy of the reaction is positive.

5) Competitive inhibition differs from non-competitive inhibition in that the ___1___ site is where we see competitive inhibition, while the non-competitive inhibitor __2___.

1. a. allosteric b. non-active c. active d. hydrophillic e. hydrophobic

2.
a. binds to the active site, thus blocking it
b. binds outside the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme
c. binds outside the active site, and blocks the active site

6) Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme, and as such it __1___ of the reaction. It is part of glycolysis, and is an example of an enzyme controlled by inhibition, as high levels of citrate (an intermediate further down the catabolic pathway) turns the enzyme off
(1)Select one:
a. lowers activation energy
b. lowers the ÎG
c. raises the Free Energy
(2)Select one
a. non-competitivenegative feedback
b. irreversible competitivereversible competitive.

15)The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle harvest the high-energy electrons stored in glucose. Therefore, these pathways _______________.

Select one:

a. take place in animal cells, but not in plant cells
b. are catabolic pathways
c. are anabolic pathways
d. involve the reduction of glucose and its metabolic intermediates

21) In an exergonic chemical reaction, the products have less free energy than the reactants (-ÎG). Endergonic reactions require an input of energy (+ÎG). The addition of starting materials and the removal of end products prevent metabolism from reaching final equilibrium. Instead, the cell exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Select one:
True
False

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Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Endergonic Reaction, Carbonic Anhydrase, Photosystem I

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