Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Optogenetics, Nuclear Membrane, Opsin

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peachmoose124

21 Apr 2016

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Cycle 1: lecture 2: trapping light for energy and information. Ribosomes: place where protein synthesis occurs on genes which are encoded by the nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum: some ribosomes are free in the cell and other ribosomes are attached to the er. Proteins which are synthesized on er located ribosomes. The proteins actually find themselves within the er itself. Proteins which are synthesized on free cytosolic ribosomes are found in the cytosol of the cell. Er is continuous with the nuclear envelope. Light absorption is very good at absorbing photons of light. When a single molecule of chlorophyll absorbs a photon of light, the energy of a photon is transferred to an electron. There are two possible excited states for chlorophyll: lower excited state and higher excited state. If a ground state electron absorbs a blue photon of light, it gets the electron to the higher excited state.

Related Questions

29 Most proteins destined to enter the endoplasmic reticulum _________.

(a) are transported across the membrane after their synthesis is complete.

(b) are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol.

(d) are keep binding to Signal recognition particle (SRP) while they are translated.

30 Which of the following choices reflects the appropriate order of locations through which a protein destined for the plasma membrane travels?

(a) lysosome â endosome â plasma membrane

(b) ER â lysosome â plasma membrane

(d) ER â Golgi â plasma membrane

31 Which of the following statements about vesicle budding from the Golgi is false?

(a) COPII can initiate vesicle budding on Golgi membrane.

(b) Some vesicles budded from Golgi membranes move towards ER.

(d) Clathrin molecules act at the cytosolic surface of the Golgi membrane.

32 Which of the following statements is false?

(a) The signal sequences on mitochondrial proteins are first bound to translocator on outer membrane after translation.

(b) Most mitochondrial proteins are not imported from the cytosol but are synthesized inside the mitochondria.

(c) Chaperone proteins in the mitochondria facilitate the movement of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.

(d) Mitochondrial proteins cross the membrane in their unfolded state.

orangeplatypus673

Decide whether each of these statements is true or false, andthen explain why.

A. Like the lumen of the ER, the interior of the nucleus istopologically equivalent to the outside of the cell.

B. Membrane bound and free ribosomes, which are structurally andfunctionally identical, differ only in the proteins they happen tobe making at a particular time.

C. To avoid the inevitable congestion that would occur iftwo-way traffic through a single pore were allowed, nuclear porecomplexes are specialized so that some mediate import while othersmediate export.

D. The TOM complex is required for the import of allnucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins.

E. There is no fundamental distinction between signalingmolecules that bind to cell surface receptors and those that bindto intracellular receptors.

F. All small intracellular mediators (second messengers) arewater soluble and diffuse freely through the cytosol.

ceruleanwoodchuck902

Which of the following best describes what happens next to the energy from a photon of light after it excites an electron in the pigment molecule of a plant?

a. The excited electron carries the energy to the primary electron acceptor in the reaction center complex

b. the energy is released as heat and the electron drops back down to its ground state

c. the energy is passed to the other electrons in the light-harvesting complex until it reaches the reaction center complex and reduces the primary electron acceptor

d. the energy is released as light and the electron drops back down to its ground state

e. the excited electron carries the energy to the reaction center complex and oxidizes the primary electron acceptor

2. chromosomes are replicated in the _______ of a cell and sister chromatids are separated in the ____

a. nucleus; cytosol

b. nuclear envelope; nucleus

c. nuclear lamina, nucleus

d. cytosol; cytosol

e. centriole; nucleus

3.which of the following accurately describes a difference between sister chromatids and a chromosome?

a. a pair of sister chromatids contain 2 double-stranded molecules of DNA and a chromosome has 4 double-stranded molecules of DNA

b. each sister chromatid has a single strand of DNA and chromosomes have 2

c. sister chromatids have centromeres and a chromosome does not

d. a pair of sister chromatids contain identical genes, and a chromosome does not

e. sister chromatids are produced during M phase and chromosomes are always present in the cell cycle

4. all of the following take place during mitosis except..

a. DNA is proofread for replication errors

b. chromosomes are replicated

c. the mitotic spindle is formed

d. the nuclear envelope breaks down

e. sister chromatids are separated

f. A and B only

g. B and C only

h. C and D only

i. D and E only

Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Optogenetics, Nuclear Membrane, Opsin

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