Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Congee, Aneuploidy, Ploidy
21 Nov 2016
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Genome: the entire collection of dna sequence for a given organism. Yoyr complete genome is not exclusively contained in the nucleus. Ploidy: number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell: ex: liver cells and megakaryocytes, some organisms are polyploid, especially plants, contain more than 2 sets of chromosomes. Haploid: one set of chromosomes (for humans n=23) and diploid (2n=46) **seedless fruits are triploids, therefore have no seeds** Aneuploidy: an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, missing or extra chromosomes. Genomics: study the structure and function of a genome from its dna sequence: to read a(cid:374)d i(cid:374)terpret the orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)(cid:859)s i(cid:374)stru(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:271)ook. Genome size (c-value): the amount of dna in one genome, total number of nucleotides. C-value parado(cid:454): ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)e size is (cid:374)ot related to it(cid:859)s (cid:272)o(cid:373)ple(cid:454)it(cid:455) Majority of your genome does not code for proteins: most is so called junk.
