Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Cytoskeleton, Notch 1, Exon
6 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Mutations: double stranded heritable changes in the dna sequence. The nucleotide sequence does not match what it should be. Point mutation: one base change single nucleotide polymorphism (snp): differences in a base. 1. tautomeric shift: spontaneous shift between constitutional isomers of bases, resulting in alternative. A no longer pairs with t, it pairs with c. 2. deamination: removal of an amino group from a base, resulting in altered h-bond patterns. 3. oxidation: energy is absorbed by pyrimidine rings, altering bonding patterns and forming dimers. 4. uv radiation: energy is absorbed by pyrimidine rings, altering bonding patterns and forming dimers. Dimer: bond between two bases along the same chain. Silent mutation: codon changes but still codes for the same amino acid. Missense mutation: codes for a different amino acid. Nonsense mutation: (pseudogene) codes for a stop codon, and stops protein early. Frame shift mutation: a base is inserted or deleted and causes the codon pattern to be read incorrectly, coding for a completely different protein.
