Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Citric Acid, Cellular Respiration, Atp Synthase

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27 Feb 2017

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We left off at after the citric acid cycle. Glycolysis: glucose goes in 2x pyruvate comes out, gain of 2 atp and 2 nadh, no c is lost. Pyruvate oxidation/citric acid cycle: 2x pyruvate in acetyl-coa + co2 comes out (loses one of the carbons) Gain of 1 nadh per pyruvate: 2x acetyl-coa co2. Gain of 3 nadh, 1 atp, & 1 fadh2 per acetyl-coa. Glucose has been completely oxidized to co2. All of the remaining energy is in the electron carriers nadh and fadh2. This energy (in the form of electrons) will be passed along the electron transport chain by a series of redox reactions. Electrons will move down the chain until ultimately reducing o2. Electron transport takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Not the proteins which are oxidized/reduced: non-protein prosthetic groups, redox active cofactors. Each component has a higher affinity for electrons than preceding carrier: low to high electronegativity, spontaneous down free energy gradient.

Related Questions

Which of the following is not a net product of the citric acid cycle for each molecule of pyruvate generated in glycolysis?

Select one:

a. 1 ATP (GTP)

b. 1 acetyl coA

c. 3 NADH

d. 1 FADH2

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an end product for an acetyl group that enters the citric acid cycle?

Select one:

a. ATP

b. NADH

c. FADH2

d. oxaloacetate

Question 3

Once they have been processed through the citric acid cycle, the acetyl-CoA molecules from a single glucose molecule produce:

Select one:

a. 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 4 CO₂.

b. 6 NADH, 6 GTP.

c. 6 FADH₂, 2 ATP, 6 CO₂.

d. 6 GTP, 6 FADH₂.

e. 4 CO₂, 6 FADH₂, 2 ATP.

Question 4

The products of the citric acid cycle breaking down 2 acetyl-CoA include 2 ATP (converted from GTP), 6 NADH and 2 FADH2.

Select one:

True

False

The reduced nucleotides NADH and FADH are converted to ATP via the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The most widely accepted values among biochemists are shown.

Nucleotide Output	ATP Output
NADH	2.5
FADH₂	1.5

Each acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle produces two CO₂, three NADH, one FADH₂, and one GTP (converted directly to ATP in the cell). Taking into consideration the conversion of reduced nucleotides to ATP, what is the total number of ATP produced by one glucose (2 Acteyl CoA) going through the citric acid cycle?

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose monomer and dimers. Glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is broken down to CO2 and in the process produces NADH & FADH2, which is utilized in the generation of ATP via the electron transport chain. Why does the cell go through this elaborate pathway to convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and in the process generate ATP? Why not use a simpler and shorter mechanism to breakdown glucose?

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Citric Acid, Cellular Respiration, Atp Synthase

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