Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Tata Box, Pepsin, Oncogene

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1 Mar 2017

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Every cell in a multicellular organism has the same dna, however they are vastly different. Different expression of the same set of genes result in different types of cells. This results in the regulation of these genes. When a protein is not needed, it is turned off at the transcription level. The primary mechanism is always at the level of transcription. Relatively short generation times and develop simply. They react and adapt to environmental changes. Most can manufacture simple products that are required for life. Whatever is available w/ use sugar to alter biochemical pathways. There is linked transcription and translation of operons. An operon is many genes that are transcribed together. It is necessary to bring lactose into the cell. In can also convert lactose into glucose and galactose. Glucose is always the preferred sugar because it is the purpose of the process. The operon functions when glucose is not available, but lactose is.

Related Questions

What is an operon?

What is the evolutionary advantage of an operon?

What is the difference between a repressible operon and an inducible operon?

Describe the state of the corepressor for a trp operon that is not expressing the operon gene and a lac operon that is not expressing the operon gene.

What is cell differentiation?

Name three different levels of gene regulation in a multicellular eukaryotic organism.

What is gene regulation at the chromatin level? Give one example of how it can be carried out.

Control elements are a form of gene regulation found at what level of gene regulation?

Are there forms of RNA that can block translation? If so give an example.

What do master regulatory genes have to do with control elements?

1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

1. What is the term when the product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the activity of the first enzyme of a pathway?

		feedback inhibition.
		activator inhibition.
		diffusional regulation.
		enzyme activation.

2. Through control of gene expression, prokaryotes respond to changing __________ conditions.

		internal
		protein
		environmental
		genetic

3. A protein that negatively regulates transcription by binding to the operator is known as the

		operon
		repressor
		activator
		inducer

4. During attenutation, when tryptophan levels are high, the ________ stem-loop forms and transcription ________ the trpL gene.

		1-2, ends just past
		3-4, ends just past
		1-2, continues beyond
		3-4, continues beyond

5. The process of turning on the expression of a gene in response to a substance in the environment is called:

		constituation.
		repression.
		induction.
		catabolism.

6. What is a function of some specific transcription factors?

		to bind to the promoter region of the gene to facilitate the proper alignment of the RNA polymerase
		to bind to the centromere to induce meiosis
		to bind to enhancer regions to help regulate gene transcription
		to bind to the operator to recruit sigma factor

7. How does exposing an E.coli cell to glucose affect the regulation of the lac operon via CAP?

		cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is increased.
		cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is decreased.
		cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is increased.
		cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is decreased.

8. The lac repressor protein works when mutations in the repressor gene and structural genes are:

		in cis or in trans.
		in trans only.
		in cis only.
		in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Tata Box, Pepsin, Oncogene

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