Biology 2290F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Dna-Binding Domain, Glucocorticoid Receptor, Retinoic Acid Receptor
20 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
Signal transduction is the conversion of 1 signal to another. Lecture 9: basic principles of cell signalling and gpcr system. Involves growth factors, cytokines, hormones, ecm, neurotransmitters, light, sound etc. Incredibly hot area; over 300 000 papers published. All aspects of normal development & physiology. Some of the players: receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks), g-protein coupled receptors (gpcr), proto-oncogenes (ras), and mitogen activated. Signal transduction usually has an initiating signal, mediated by a ligand. Ligand can be a peptide, growth factor, mechanical thing. Signal or signalling molecule (ligand, primary messenger) initial signal. Small molecules (epinephrine, acetylcholine, steroids), peptide hormones, monoamines etc: large molecules, growth factors, cytokines (proteins) Receptors: things ligands bind to, found on outside of cell: cell-surface receptors. Intracellular signalling and effector proteins: signals transmit through these: g proteins, protein kinases and phosphatases, etc. Second messengers: amplification of signals are mediated by secondary messengers: ca2+, camp, cgmp, ip3, dag, no, etc. The ligand (generally hydrophilic) binds to cell-surface receptor.
