Biology 2601A/B Lecture 9: bio 2601 LECTURE 9 mitochondria
8 Mar 2017
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Mitochondrial dna: all dna is maternal, human mitochondrial dna encodes 37 genes (mostly codes for protein, some mitochondrial needs come from nuclear genome, has its own genome because it is actually historically a prokaryote that was engulfed. Internalized prokaryote and develop endosymbiotic relationship: avoids digestion, symbiotic relationship developed, glycolytic/oxidative, keeping track of the membranes, ancestral host cell engulfed prokaryotic cell, created vesicle around by pinching off membrane, vesicular membrane later becomes outer mitochondrial membrane. Structure: circular dna floats in matrix, cristae increases functional surface area of cell for energy production. In the cytoplasm glycolysis: glucose is converted to pyruvate and 2 atp produced for every glucose molecule, produces electron carriers, ancient but wasteful. In the mitochondrial matrix citric acid cycle: enzymes are involved, produces electron carriers and succinate (regenerate cycle, produces 2 atp for every 1 glucose, still not efficient.
