Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Ectotherm, Poikilotherm, Understory

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olivehornet844

29 Oct 2017

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It is ge(cid:374)erati(cid:374)g i(cid:374)ter(cid:374)al heat to (cid:373)ai(cid:374)tai(cid:374) (cid:272)o(cid:374)sta(cid:374)t te(cid:373)perature, e(cid:448)e(cid:374) if it"s i(cid:374) (cid:272)old (cid:449)ater. Thermoregulation: graph shows an organism maintaining the same body temperature even after going into cold water. What if you are an ectotherm: ectotherm does not generate internal heat, poikilotherm an animal in which the body temperature is determined by equilibration with the thermal conditions in the environment. How it should look: plants are ectotherms (and their temperature varies with the environment), mammals are endotherms (and homeotherms), moths create internal heat but their body temperature is not maintained constant (endotherm and poikilotherms) Homeostasis: two definitions (cid:862)i(cid:374)ter(cid:374)al (cid:272)o(cid:374)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:455) a(cid:374)d the ph(cid:455)siologi(cid:272)al regulator(cid:455) s(cid:455)ste(cid:373)s that auto(cid:373)ati(cid:272)all(cid:455) (cid:373)ake adjust(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts to (cid:373)ai(cid:374)tai(cid:374) it(cid:863) Negative feedback: works to return the value to set-point after a disturbtion occurs. In contrast, a positive feedback involves something going up, and the activation of something that also goes up and increases a process even more.

Related Questions

MOLECULAR BIO HELP

QUESTION 1

Which of these choices is an example of acclimatization?

		Plants growing in the shade grow larger leaves compared to the leaves growing in direct sunlight.
		A.Pigweed plants ( Amaranthus retroflexus ) growing in North Carolina are more tolerant to heat than plants growing in Canada.
		A.The quadrate bone of snakes is movable rather than rigidl y attached, as seen in other vertebrates.
		A.Desert rodents produce more concentrated urine because of their longer loop of Henle as compared to the loop of Henle found in other rodents living in less arid conditions.

10 points

QUESTION 2

Which of these choices is an example of connective tissue ?

		cardiac muscle
		neurons
		blood
		glial cells

10 points

QUESTION 3

Which of these choices best describes homeostasis ?

		A.maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
		A.all vertebrates have a similar body plan
		A.exchange of materials with the environment a cell is found in
		A.relationship of the structure and function in animals

10 points

QUESTION 4

You are looking at two cells under a microscope. Both have the same shape, but cell A is smaller than cell B. Which of these statements correctly describes cell B?

		A.The larger cell has less surface area than the smaller cell.
		A.The larger cell has a smaller sur face-to- volume ratio than the smaller cell.
		A.The larger cell has the same surface-to-volume area as the smaller cell.
		A.The larger cell has more surface area than the smaller cell.

10 points

QUESTION 5

Which of these statements is true about ectotherms?

		A.Ectothermic animals tend to be found in arctic regions.
		A.E ctotherms tend to consume more calories than endotherms of similar size.
		A.Ectotherms tend to have more insulating structures than endotherms.
		A.Ectotherms use more energy for reproduction than for heat production.

amethystswan784

As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to doâworkâ. True or false?

False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts toturn chemical potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Lessefficient motors will get hotter for the same amount of fuelconsumed. When you drive a car you hope that most of the fuelenergy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the lessefficient the ability to do âworkâ (the moving of the vehicle).

True. As entropy increases, there will generally be more usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. In most biological and mechanicalsystems it is heat energy which is captured to do useful 'work'.Heat energy, the random movement of molecules, and increases inentropy are central to doing useful work.

Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break theSecond Law of Thermodynamics â by seemingly increasing the order inthe overall system. They donât. Why?

a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a closed system. Thesun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is harnessedby living things to create internal order within themselves. Butwithout such a constant input of energy, most biological systems onearth would break down.

b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occurunless it is also associated with an increase in the entropy of theuniverse. A living organism (such as an animal or plant) brings inmatter and energy from its environment and uses this to creategreater order within its body: the processes of life. But it isimportant to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also partof a larger system of the environment around them. While creating asmall âpocketâ of order, the processes of life (metabolism,movement, etc..) releases heat into the environment â thusincreasing the entropy of the universe and following the2^nd law.

c. Living things, by harnessing energy to create order (withinand around themselves) actually create a paradox in questionssurrounding the first and second laws of thermodynamics andseemingly violate many previously held assumptions.

d. Both a and b above are correct.

When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight andconvert that energy into the chemical bonds of organic molecules,are they creating new energy?

No, the energy is being transferred from one form into another.But no new energy is being created.

No, the overall total energy is decreasing over time.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating newenergy.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating new energy -of a different wavelength.

ceruleanhamster867

Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Ectotherm, Poikilotherm, Understory

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