Economics 1021A/B Lecture Notes - Indifference Curve, Opportunity Cost, Divisor

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ECON 1021A/B Full Course Notes

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Consumption choices are limited by income and prices. A household"s budget line describes the limits to its consumption choices. Divisible goods are those that can be bought in any quantity desired (e/x gasoline and electricity: when goods are considered divisible, the consumption possibilities become every single point along the budget line. A budget line is a constraint on choices: marks the boundary between what is affordable and what is unaffordable. Real income: a households real income is its income expressed as a quantity of good that the household can afford to buy. E/x y/pa this quantity is the maximum quantity of a good that one can buy. Equal to the income divided by the goods price this point is also the y-intercept. Relative price: a relative price is the price of one good divided by the price of another good.

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1.	_____	The satisfaction or benefit that consumers receive from consuming goods or services.
2.	________________ _	A particular combination of specific quantities of goods or services
3.	________________ _	Consumers can rank all conceivable bundles of goods or services
4.	_____	If A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A is always preferred to C.
5.	_____	Equation showing a consumerâs perception of the total utility forthcoming from consuming each bundle of goods and services.
6.	_____	A set of consumption bundles each and every one of which provides a consumer with exactly the same level of total utility.
7.	_____	The number of units of Y that must be given up for total utility to remain the same when one more unit of X is consumed.
8.	_____	The addition to total utility attributable to consuming one more unit of a good, holding the consumption of all other goods constant.
9.	_____	The line showing all bundles of goods that can be purchased at given prices if the entire income is spent.
10.	_____	The change in the consumption of a good that would result if the consumer remained on the original indifference curve after the price of the good changes.
11.	_____	The change in consumption of goods results strictly from the change in purchasing power after the price of a good changes.
12.	________________ _	The sum of the substitution and income effects.
13.	_____	A good for which quantity demanded varies directly with price, causing an upward sloping demand curve.
14.	_____	A list of prices and the corresponding quantity consumers are willing and able to purchase at each price.

blushwildebeest943

A bowed out PPF reflects which of the following ideas?

i.increasing opportunity cost

ii. resources are not equally productive in all activities

iii. prices of goods increase over time

		I only
		I and iii
		ii and iii
		I and ii

1 point

QUESTION 2

With no international trade, a country ________ consume at a point outside of its PPF; with international trade, a country ________ consume at a point outside of its PPF.

		can; cannot
		cannot; can
		cannot; cannot
		can; can

1 point

QUESTION 3

If the production possibilities frontier between two goods is a straight line, then the

		the line does not qualify as a production possibilities frontier because the unattainable production points are too close to the inefficient production points.
		opportunity cost is not a ratio.
		increasing opportunity costs.
		resources are equally productive in both goods.

1 point

QUESTION 4

As an economy produces more of one of the goods on a bowed out production possibilities frontier, what happens to the opportunity cost of producing the good?

		It might increase, decrease, or remain constant depending on how much people value the additional units of the good.
		It decreases.
		It increases.
		It remains constant.

1 point

QUESTION 5

"Comparative advantage" is defined as a situation in which one person can produce

		more of a good than another person.
		a good for a lower dollar cost than another person.
		a good for a lower opportunity cost than another person.
		more of all goods than another person.

1 point

QUESTION 6

When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, as more of one good is produced, its opportunity cost

		increases.
		decreases.
		might increase, decrease, or remain constant depending on how much people value the additional units of the good.
		remains constant.

1 point

QUESTION 7

A bowed out production possibility frontier shows that the

		opportunity cost relationship is linear.
		the opportunity cost of a good is constant as more of the good is produced.
		the opportunity cost of a good increase as more of the good is produced.
		the opportunity cost of a good decrease as more of the good is produced.

1 point

QUESTION 8

Which of the following statements is correct?

		The production possibilities frontier shows that there are no limits to production.
		Any point on or within the PPF is production efficient.
		If capital is idle, the economy is producing at its full potential.
		A tradeoff is a limit that forces an exchange or a substitution of one thing for something else.

1 point

QUESTION 9

A major earthquake occurs in the central part of the United States. What impact would this have on the nation's production possibilities frontier and why?

		A tradeoff would occur to replace the resources and goods destroyed.
		It would shift inward because some of the nation's resources, such as capital and labor, would be destroyed.
		It would shift outward because unemployment would be reduced.
		Nothing would happen because the nation would still have the same capabilities.

1 point

QUESTION 10

When a nation is producing on its production possibilities frontier, if more resources are used to produce one good, then the production of other goods

		must increase.
		must decrease.
		must remain the same.
		must change but they might increase or decrease.

1 point

QUESTION 11

Moving along a country's PPF, a reasonable opportunity costs increase is that

		unemployment increases as a country produce more and more of one good.
		unemployment decreases as a country produces more and more of one good.
		some resources are better suited for producing one good rather than the other.
		technology declines as a country produce more and more of one good.

1 point

QUESTION 12

A reason the production possibilities frontier exists is

		scarcity of resources and unlimited technology.
		unemployment.
		scarcity of resources.
		unlimited resources and technology.

1 point

QUESTION 13

Moving from one point to another on a production possibilities frontier implies

		increasing the production of one good and decreasing the production of another.
		increasing the production of both goods.
		decreasing the production of both goods.
		holding the production levels of both goods constant.

1 point

QUESTION 14

Specialization and trade make a country better off because with trade the country can consume at a point

		outside its production possibilities frontier.
		on its trading partner's production possibilities frontier.
		inside its production possibilities frontier.
		on its production possibilities frontier.

1 point

QUESTION 15

The production possibilities frontier is the

		the boundary between the combinations of goods and services that can be produced and the combinations that cannot be produced when technology is changing.
		the minimum output that can be produced when resources are used inefficiently.
		the boundary between the combinations of goods and services that can be produced and the combinations that cannot be produced, given the available factors of production and the state of technology.
		maximum output that can be produced at an opportunity cost of zero.

1 point

QUESTION 16

The opportunity cost of economic growth is ________ and the benefit of economic growth is ________.

		decreased current consumption; decreased future consumption
		decreased current consumption; increased future consumption
		increased current consumption; increased future consumption
		increased current consumption; decreased future consumption

1 point

QUESTION 17

In terms of a nation's production possibilities frontier, what impact does international trade have?

		International trade shifts the nation's production possibilities frontier outward.
		International trade shifts the production possibilities frontier outward for the goods that are exported and inward for the goods that are imported.
		International trade shifts the nation's production possibilities frontier inward.
		International trade allows the nation to consume at a point outside its production possibilities frontier.

1 point

QUESTION 18

The production possibilities frontier illustrates the

		goods and services that people want.
		limits to people's wants.
		resources the economy possesses, but not it is the level of technology.
		maximum combinations of goods and services that can be produced.

1 point

QUESTION 19

As we move along the production possibilities frontier,

		the possibilities of tradeoffs diminish.
		the production of one good increases as the production of the other good decreases.
		more of both goods can be produced.
		a tradeoff is not possible because nations need all goods.

1 point

QUESTION 20

What is the opportunity cost of economic growth?

		Eliminate scarcity
		Land.
		Capital goods.
		Consumption of goods.

1 point

QUESTION 21

Which of the following statements is correct?

i.As the economy grows, the opportunity costs of economic growth decrease.

ii. Economic growth has no opportunity cost.

iii. The opportunity cost of economic growth is current consumption forgone.

		ii only
		iii only
		I only
		I and iii

1 point

QUESTION 22

Does economic growth depend upon which of the following?

i. Increasing the quantity of labor.

ii. Lowering the prices of goods and services.

iii. Advancing technology.

		ii only.
		I only.
		I and iii.
		iii only.

1 point

QUESTION 23

When drawing a production possibilities frontier, which of the following is held constant?

		the amount of money in the economy
		the prices of goods and services
		the quantity of the goods and services that are produced
		the available factors of production and the state of technology

1 point

QUESTION 24

To increase its economic growth, a nation should

		encourage spending on goods and services.
		increase in current consumption.
		encourage education because that increases the quality of labor.
		limit the number of people in college because they produce nothing.

1 point

QUESTION 25

The opportunity cost of one more slice of pizza in terms of sodas is the

		some pizza slices we have to give up to get one extra soda.
		the total number of sodas that we have divided by the total number of pizza slices that we have.
		the total number of pizza slices that we have divided by the total number of sodas that we have.
		the number of sodas we have to give up to get one extra pizza slice.

jadecrow966

""Please give answer with simple explaination""""Please give answer with simple explaination""""Please give answer with simple explaination""

1. In every society, choices must be made because resources are

a. Infinite, but economic want are finite

b. Finite, but economic wants are insatiable

c. Unlimited, but economic wants limited

d. Limited, and so are economic wants

2. Which question is an illustration of a microeconomic question

a. Is the quantity of wine purchased in one year dependent upon the price of wine?

b. Does government spending influence the total level of employment in the economy?

c. Is the purchasing power of the dollar higher or lower today than it was in 2000?

d. Is capitalism superior to socialism?

3. The purpose of the ceteris paribus assumption used in economic analysis is to :

a. Avoid making normative statements

b. A void the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy

c. Make sure that all relevant factors are considered

d. Restrict the analysis to effect of a single economic factor

4. The profit motive is

a. Ineffective at producing consumer goods

b. Inherently beneficial to society if left alone to pursue its own self interests

c. Effective at producing goods when consumption is non-rival or non-excludable

d. Is often at odds with societies interests

5. In the system of central planning

a. There is repaid of the infrastructure

b. There is severe inflation in wholesale and retail prices

c. Economic growth leads to widespread unemployment among workers

d. The outputs of some industries become inputs for other industries

6. The market system communicates changes in supply and demand and elicits appropriate responses from businesses and resource suppliers. This is known as the:

a. Rationing function of prices

b. Guiding function of prices

c. Monetary function of prices

d. Circular flow of income

7. An increase in the quantity of automobiles supplied would be caused by which be caused by which of the following?

a. An increase in the demand for automobiles

b. A decrease in the demand for automobiles

c. Higher prices for steel

d. Higher prices for gasoline

8. All of the following would cause an increase in the demand for private airplanes at a given price, except a:

a. Decrease in interest rates

b. Increase in consumer incomes

c. Decrease in taxes on luxury goods

d. Decrease in the costs of constructing private airplanes

9. In modern economies of mass production,

a. Biological need motivates most consumption

b. The intrinsic value of goods and services motivates mass consumption

c. Affluence makes relative depravation meaningless

d. Invidious comparison motivates much of mass consumption

10. a more equal distribution of income in the United States would result in greater total consumer satisfaction. This statement is based on the concept that:

a. Income inequality is unfair

b. Income inequality is undemocratic

c. Income equality stimulates efficiency

d. Incomes are subject to diminishing marginal utility

11. While command systems suffer from incentive problems, market economies

a. Have no incentive problems

b. Suffer from incentive problems of their own

c. Tend to resolve all problems by their own dynamics

d. Have problems to the degree that there is government interference.

12. What economic concepts can be used to explain the reason that a new car purchased by a consumer and driven off a new car lot decrease in value almost immediately compared with the value of the same make and model of a car still on the new car lot?

a. Positive and negative externalities

b. Liability rules and lawsuits

c. The Coase theorem and moral hazard

d. Asymmetric information and adverse selection

13. Consider a situation where the U.S. Congress wants to place a special tax on private airplanes to increase tax revenue. This tax would only be effective in raising new tax revenues if the price elasticity of:

a. Supply is elastic

b. Supply is inelastic

c. Demand is elastic

d. Demand is inelastic

14. Under what circumstances would you expect economic profits to be zero in a particular industry?

a. During a recession

b. When there is little competition in the industry

c. When the industry is neither expanding nor contracting

d. When the demand for the product being produced is increasing

16. If economic resources are perfectly interchangeable between the two products shown on a production possibilities graph:

a. The economy will always be at full employment

b. More of one product can be produced without producing less fo the other product

c. The production possibilities curve would be straight line

d. The two products are of equal value to the economy

17. Opportunity cost is best defined as:

a. Marginal cost minis marginal benefit

b. The time spent on an economic activity

c. The value of the best foregone alternative

d. The money cost of an economic decision

18. All of the following would affect the position of a country production possibilities curve expect:

a. The quality of labor

b. The level of employment

c. The amount of the capital stock

d. Technological progress

19. The post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy consists of:

a. Using an example to a different point

b. Inferring causality from chronological sequence

c. Jumping to conclusions from an inadequate number of cases

d. Arguing for or against the person rather than the position being supported

20. Which is one of the five fundamental question that needs to be answered by economic system

a. What is the rate of unemployment?

b. Who will be the richest person in the economy?

c. What goods and services will be produced?

d. Why are the prices for goods and services so high?

21. The institution of private property is sustained over time by:

a. Competition

b. Bequests

c. Self-interest

d. Free enterprise

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Economics 1021A/B Lecture Notes - Indifference Curve, Opportunity Cost, Divisor

ECON 1021A/B Full Course Notes

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