Health Sciences 2610F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lifesaving, Portable Document Format, Mantra
27 Jun 2018
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Ethical Theory Part 2
4 Principles - bare minimum to consider; George mantra
there are times when things in are system are not equitable to begin with
when things are not
Autonomy - you are free to do as you please as long as it does not impact other people (-)
A person’s rational capacity for self-governance or self determination
if we are capable to determine ourselves what I believe is best for me
what if my decisions impact other people
we live in an interconnected web of relationships
Principle: Autonomous persons should be allowed to exercise their capacity for self
determination
just us, no impact on anyone else (good)
that is the limitation - it becomes insufficient when it starts to affect other people
when your right to decision affect other people - cannot approach or impede
right of other people and take away their time
our ability to govern ourself does not give us the right to harm someone else
Dignity: allowing people to be in charge of own lives (anti-oppression) in order to be
self governing
appreciation and allowance to be in charge of own life
need to be thoughtful and reasonable decision
outcome is not the only determining factor
Beneficence
When you can: Do good (max)
Non - maleficence
Do no harm
Justice
Treat similar cases similarly, and different cases different; fair and equal access,
remove obsticles
context matters
Marking scheme: ethical obligation to be people who enable to learn and treat
everyone fairly
if the rules are changed for you you must change the rules for everyone else: exception
- extenuating factors; you are not in a fair and equitable situation
J.S. Mill
you should have the right to do whatever you want, so long as"
1. You can understand and reflect on your choices and your actions
2. There’s no hitter dangers (foreseeable or all kinds?)
3. Knowingly dangerous (what is knowingly dangerous: history? influence?
clinical trials? can anticipate but will not know impact on human being
open to interpretation
Autonomy - 4 aspects - must be apparent in assessing if someone can be truly
autonomous
we treat autonomy as not a automatic because factors (developmental status) would
not be able to make self governing rules and good decisions but will go about it al the
same
must be able to demonstrate we can govern ourselves
society set limits on what is reasonable and what is not (prisoners)
1. Free Action
Can be limited by internal and external forces
constrained by things happening within us (physical, psychological, intelligence)
may not be able to freely act by an external force (fear, coercion,oppression)
2. Effective deliberations\
a person ruling him.herself shows good judgement
good = reasoned (logical, sensible, intelligible)
just because in our context we can’t think that way doesn’t mean it’s not
happening somewhere else in the world where it is interpreted by different social
norms
what would most reasonable human beings do in this situation
Ineffective deliberations can be caused by
1. missinformation (deception,lies)
2. missing information
3. mental/cognitive issues (delusions, compulsions)
3. Authenticity
freed from external (and internal) constraints
4. Moral Reflection
autonomy involves being able to clearly articulate your values
do you know why you would choose something? (if i was in another person
shoes would i still make this decision)
or is it something you’ve adopted unconsciously and uncritically?
if you cannot say why this is a good decision have you been able to consider all
options fairly?
What would you do? parents are in conflict with medical team, who gets to decide
is the conflict apparent? yes, parent’s do not want treatment due to religion, dr. does it
anyway
which do you value more highly: saving life or beliefs
kant: make decision based on what you think the outcome to be
in the end child is alive and can breathe and that is more important
Document Summary
4 principles - bare minimum to consider; george mantra there are times when things in are system are not equitable to begin with when things are not. Autonomy - you are free to do as you please as long as it does not impact other people (-) A person"s rational capacity for self-governance or self determination if we are capable to determine ourselves what i believe is best for me what if my decisions impact other people we live in an interconnected web of relationships. Treat similar cases similarly, and di erent cases di erent; fair and equal access, remove obsticles context matters. Marking scheme: ethical obligation to be people who enable to learn and treat everyone fairly if the rules are changed for you you must change the rules for everyone else: exception. Extenuating factors; you are not in a fair and equitable situation. Pdf file how do decisions a ect not just individuals but others as well.
