Kinesiology 1070A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ethical Dilemma, Biomechanics, Dependent And Independent Variables
16 Oct 2018
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Cognitive appraisals of demands:
- How we think about a situation
- For stress response to occur with respect to cognitive appraisal, one must realize demands of
situation must exceed one’s resource capabilities
Physiological:
- When stressed, physiologically we tense up, cortisone (stress hormone) levels increase, heart rate
and blood pressure increase.
Attentional:
- Tunnelled vision (narrow attention)
o Not concerned about other things because too focussed on what’s currently occurring→
can result in something else that is negative and stress inducing to happen
- **Cognitive appraisal and physiological/attentional demands have reciprocal relationships
between what is happening. Both influence each other.
Evidence Based study:
- conjunctive moderator variables in vulnerability and resilience research: life stress, social support
and coping skills, and adolescent sport
o moderator quantitative variable affecting nature, the direction or strength of a relation
between independent or predictor variable (-life stress) on a dependent variable.
o Prospective= hasn’t happened yet, but what they’re looking to happen. → want
psychological levels to influence how stress can cause injury.
o Moderators evaluated through questionnaires (no other good form of measurement)
- Injury assessment: A sport injury is a medical problem resulting from athletic participation,
restricting participation for at least one day post injury
o Exposure was controlled for (more playing time= more exposure)
Smith Small and Placek (1998):
- Strongest correlation between life stress and time loss (injury) when social support and coping
skills are low.
- Social support and coping skills work in conjunction to influence the relationship between life
stress and injury.
- r=correlation r2= coefficient of determination
- injury prevention= reducing stress
DID YOU KNOW:
Adrian Owen
- patient 23
- A 24-year-old devastated by a car accident had been in unresponsive state for 5 years
o Owen put him into fMRI and asked questions.
o Noticed a change in blood flow to certain parts of injured brain- convinced he was
conscious and can communicate
o Findings published in 2010, however critics question findings: brain noise due to fMRI
- Patient 33
- Former tennis player- unresponsive for 5 months
o In fMRI- strikingly similar function to healthy volunteers (motor cortex and motor area)
o Asked to envision herself playing tennis.
- Both published in 2006
Document Summary
For stress response to occur with respect to cognitive appraisal, one must realize demands of situation must exceed one"s resource capabilities. When stressed, physiologically we tense up, cortisone (stress hormone) levels increase, heart rate and blood pressure increase. Tunnelled vision (narrow attention: not concerned about other things because too focussed on what"s currently occurring can result in something else that is negative and stress inducing to happen. **cognitive appraisal and physiological/attentional demands have reciprocal relationships between what is happening. Want psychological levels to influence how stress can cause injury: moderators evaluated through questionnaires (no other good form of measurement) Injury assessment: a sport injury is a medical problem resulting from athletic participation, restricting participation for at least one day post injury: exposure was controlled for (more playing time= more exposure) Strongest correlation between life stress and time loss (injury) when social support and coping skills are low.
