Kinesiology 2222A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Rectus Femoris Muscle, Extensor Digitorum Muscle, Pectoralis Minor Muscle
16 Dec 2016
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Anatomy Notes Tuesday November 1st 2016
• Skeletal Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Expects us to know primary function of a muscle
• Will be able to create muscle compartments, and functions
• There is a system to studying the muscles (nomenclature)
o Some muscles are based on shape, or attachment, or # of origins
o E.g Rectus (means straight)
o So rectus femoris, is shape and then location
o Pectoralis major, dominant. Pectoralis minor, secondary
• Most muscles names have a meaning to it
• Once we know the function, it is easy to identify the attachments
o Knowing the function we can know the nerve
o E.g. extensor digitorum longus
▪ Name says it extends the digits
▪ Longus means longer of the 2
▪ There is also brevis, shorter than longus
o Attachments and the # of origins
▪ If it attaches to a bone most likely moves it
▪ Names that are unusual refer to origins
• E.g. biceps, means it has 2 origins. Triceps means 3
• Sometimes muscles have 2 names
o Function and size (what he likes)
• Arbitrary names
o Sartorius – crosses the thigh, Greek for tailor. Tailors used to sit crossed legged.
Represents a tailor
Muscles of the head and Neck
• Will be broken up into regions
o Objectives
o 1. Identify muscular compartments
▪ a. muscles of facial expression
▪ b. chewing muscles
▪ c. muscles of tongue
▪ d. ant. And post. Neck muscles
o 2. Within each compartment identify
▪ muscular attachments
▪ common nerve supply
▪ muscular function
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Best way to organize compartments is function
o E.g. first compartment is muscles of facial expression
▪ Similar innvervation and attachments
• Facial Expression and Muscles of Chewing (interspersed)
o First compartment muscles of facial expression
o One of the biggest groups off the bat
o E.g of how to condense information
o Assortment of attachments to bone, the origin of the muscle (the skull) the
insertion point is where the attachment occurs
▪ Not boney attachments, not always bones, but usually attached to skin or
fascia because this is what moves in the face (smile or frown)
o Get a sense of attachments, but not as clear cut as muscles that exclusively to
bone
o Would ask us where the muscles attach, could say it attaches to skin fascia and
sometimes bones
o Can use facial expressions to see what muscles are damaged.
Facial Expression
• Function
o Orbicularis Oculi
▪ Orbicularis is a shape (circular muscle) , exists around eye and attaches to
the fascia around the eye. Oculi indicates this is the eye region
▪ Commonly known as the blinking or winking muscle, closing the eyelids
▪ Function – allows you to wink or blink
o Orbicularis Oris
▪ Shape is circular, and the location is the oral region
▪ This muscle closes the mouth
▪ Often referred to as the whistling or kissing muscle
o Zygomaticus Major and Minor
▪ Often 2 muscles located in the same region, major and minor is used
▪ Functional roles are different sometimes, and in some cases (and this is
one case) – these muscles do the same thing and are innervated by the
same nerve
▪ Can be grouped as the zygomatic muscles (these muscles)
▪ Known as the smiling muscles
▪ Attach to the zygomatic process
o Risorius
▪ Known as the grimacing muscle
▪ Draws the corners of the lips inwards
o Depressor Anguli Oris
▪ Known as the frowning muscle
▪ Name indicates it is on the corner of the lips
o Platysma muscle
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
If it attaches to a bone most likely moves it: names that are unusual refer to origins, e. g. biceps, means it has 2 origins. Triceps means 3: sometimes muscles have 2 names, function and size (what he likes, arbitrary names, sartorius crosses the thigh, greek for tailor. Muscles of the head and neck: will be broken up into regions, objectives, 1. Identify muscular compartments: a. muscles of facial expression, b. chewing muscles, c. muscles of tongue, d. ant. Facial expression: function, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis is a shape (circular muscle) , exists around eye and attaches to the fascia around the eye. In some cases, we have a tendon in the middle and therefore have 2 bellies: depending on which muscle contracts you can have a different movement. If you raise or lower your eyebrows you can feel the tendon moving back and forwards: galliahippochondra is this tendon.
