Kinesiology 3222A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Paravertebral Ganglia, Sympathetic Ganglion, Autonomic Nervous System

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22 Jan 2020

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Lecture 4 - autonomic nervous system: motor neurons that innervate, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, regulates visceral organs, hr, bp, digestion, urination, etc, autonomic - without conscious control/awareness. Sympathetic nervous system: fight or flight, parasympathetic nervous system, rest and digest. Systems vary based on: number of neurons, speed of transmission (based on degree of myelination, neurotransmitter used, target organ. Somatic - 1 neuron - heavily myelinated: ach, autonomic - 2 neurons - pre-ganglionic (lightly myelinated) + post-ganglionic (unmyelinated, sns - ne, psns - ach. Autonomic motor pathway: preganglionic neuron, first neuron starts in the cns, exits cns along with cranial or spinal nerve, myelinated, extends to ganglion, postganglionic neuron, entirely outside of cns, exits ganglion, unmyelinated, synapses upon effector organs. Sns vs. psns: psns, pre-ganglionic cell bodies, cranio-sacral division, cranial nerves. Lateral gray horn of spinal cord at s2-s4: long pre-ganglionic fibre, short post-ganglionic fibre, synapse occurs close to effector organ.

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1. The autonomicnervous system consists of a _________ neuron chain that branchesinto the periphery. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2. There are twodivisions of the ANS, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. Theparasympathetic division __________ body energy requirements and ismost active during________________. The sympathetic divisiongenerally enables the body to use stored energy and is activeduring ______________.

3. Compared to thesomatic nervous system, the first neuron in the ANS is ___________myelinated. The second order neuron is generally un____________.

4. The second orderneuron in the chain that innervates the adrenal glands is reallythe release of NE and Epi into the ____________________.

5. The __________nerve is the parasympathetic branch that innervates the heart aswell as a majority of other visceral organs.

6. The first orderneuron in the ANS chain almost always releases ________________into the synapse. The NTs released from the second order neurons ofthe sympathetic division are usually ________________ and___________________, while the second order neuron of the PNSusually releases _____________________.

7. Theparasympathetic division is sometimes called the _______________division because of the location from which the nerves arise.

8. The sympatheticdivision is sometimes called the _______________ division becauseof the location from which the nerves arise.

9. Which nervecarries about 90% of all parasympathetic traffic?

10. Most tissues/organs arecontinuously innervated by the ANS, that is, they have ____________tone.

11. The ANS regulatesunconscious processes that maintain _____________________, a termcoined by Walter Canon.

12. List and understand thethree different routes for preganglionic neurons in the sympatheticbranch.

13. Compare and contrast theneuronal divergence (pre- to postganglionic neurons) of the PNS andthe SNS. What does this mean? How does the adrenal gland and itmedullary secretions affect these contrasting effects?

14. The ganglions in the PNSare __________ to the effector organs than the ganglions in theSNS. Considering myelination, how does this affect speed oftransmission between the two systems?

15. List the receptor typesfor Ach and NE. Which are usually excitatory, inhibitory orboth?

16. The smooth muscle aroundthe blood vessels is innervated by the sympathetic branch of theANS. What occurs to dilate those vessels?

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Kinesiology 3222A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Paravertebral Ganglia, Sympathetic Ganglion, Autonomic Nervous System

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