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Kinesiology 3347A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cell Nucleus, Chromosome, Heredity

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ceriseraccoon733

21 Jan 2020

School

Western University

Department

Course

Kinesiology 3347A/B

Professor

Harry Prapavessis

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Document Summary

Genetics and epigenetic factors interact with the environment to shape our health and wellbeing. Genetics the study of heredity; how characteristics of living things are transmitted from one generation to the next. Epigenetics study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying dna sequence; change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Genetic and physiological processes underline human behaviour. Human cell nuclei contain 23 pairs of chromosomes: made up of dna, a, t, g, c, each chromosome is divided into segment genes. These genes direct the construction of the proteins that control all biological processes. Genotype is the specific genetic material on an individual"s chromosomes. Phenotype is the observed characteristic of the individual, such as brown hair or blue eyes. Example of when genotypes aren"t fully represented by phenotypes: different coloured eyes, skin colour. Is usually negative and results in a few different disorders.

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Related Questions

Match the following definitions with the correct term. (We have not yet cover all of them in class, but you can find them in your reading.)

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A single mutation affects several traits.

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The frequency with which individuals of a given genotype manifest the mutant phenotype.

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A phenotypic trait whose expression depends on the additive effect of a number of genes.

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Expression of a gene is dependent on whether it has been inherited from the male or female parent.

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Phenotypic effects on the offspring produced by the maternal genome.

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Genetic information transmitted by chloroplasts or mitochondria.

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The degree in which a phenotype for a given trait is expressed.

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Determines whether two mutations are at the same locus or different loci.

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Genetic differences that are due to alterations of the DNA that do not included changes in base sequence.

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Characteristic determined by a gene on a sex chromosome.

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Characteristic encoded on an autosome that is more readily expressed in one sex.

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A gene at one locus that masks or suppresses the effect of a gene at a different locus.

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pleiotropy

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cytoplasmic inheritance

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epigenetics

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polygeneic inheritance

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imprinting

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sex-influenced trait

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sex-linked trait

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penetrance

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expressivity

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maternal effect

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complementation test

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epistasis