Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Mycology, Aureus, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

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harlequinarmadillo982

29 Apr 2021

School

Western University

Department

Microbiology and Immunology

Course

Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B

Professor

Jimmy Dikeakos

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Document Summary

There is a layer of chitin sitting above the cell membrane. Glucan structures are different from those in mammalian or plant cells. Mannoproteins are present on the outer surface and are often important antigens. Mitosis occurs, so there is one nucleus per cell. Separation of the daughter cell leaves a chitin scar . Typically grow as molds in vitro, and as yeast cells or spherules in vivo. Edible mushrooms are the edible fruit bodies of a number of macro fungi. Edible mushrooms are either harvested wild, or can be cultivated. There are over 20 different species that are commercially cultivated in large quantities. However, there are many more edible species found in the wild. In 2010, a report indicated that over 35 billion kg of cultivated mushrooms were produced worldwide. The highest production occurs in china, italy, usa. Outside of the edible mushrooms, other different species of fungi have been used in food production for hundreds to thousands of years.

Related Questions

1) Density-independent factors may alter birth rates ____.

A	but never death rates

B	in both small and large populations

C	in populations as individuals increase in number

2) Many antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a component of the bacterial cell wall. Which of the following could potentially be a similar target for anti-fungal drugs? (there aren't any real drugs that actually target this fungal feature, but 1 class of anti-fungals does target fungi unique synthesis pathways for different membrane components)

A	inhibiting the synthesis of cellulose in fungi

B	inhibiting the synthesis of chitin in fungi

C	inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in fungi

D	inhibiting the synthesis of lignin in fungi

3) In which lifecycles are spores produced through meiosis? (select ALL correct answers)

A	plant-like lifecycle in protists and land plant lifecycle (i.e., the sporic lifecycle, or the alternation of generations)

B	the fungal lifecycle (i.e., for most lineages but not the Chytrids and unknown in Microsporidians and Glomeromycetes)

C	animal-like lifecycle in protists (i.e., gametic)

D	fungi-like lifecycle in protists (i.e., the zygotic lifecycle)

Most familiar types of mushrooms, along with puffballs and shelf fungi, are found in the Phylum ___________.

The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to Fungi (and Bacteria).

True

False

A Mushroom is the vegetative reproductive Structure of Fungi in the Phylum _____.

Taxonomists classify Fungi based upon their Sexual Reproductive Structures.

True

False

Fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the root system of vascular plants are known as ______________.

A Puffball is a type of fungus found in the Phylum __________.

Which Phylum is made up exclusively of Fungi that form symbioses with plant roots?

__________ is used by companies to make bread rise and to produce alcohol.

Fungi

and green plants have cells that are surrounded by a cell wall made of cellulose.

differ from members of the animal kingdom because fungi are autotrophic.

grayhamster49

1.A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses herresearch on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damagedspruce trees. She explains that the fungal hyphae of her researchorganism is heterokaryotic. You raise your hand and request thatshe define that word. Her correct response is

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of the fungal hyphae are genetically the same.

heterokaryotic means that eachcompartment of the hyphae contain two distinct nuclei.

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are geneticallydistinct.

heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphaecontains only one nucleus.

2. Select the true statements concerning reproduction ofbasidiomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

The adult forms of a typicalbasidiomycete consists of a mass of dikaryotic primarymycelia.

The secondary mycelia fuse to formprimary mycelia. The primary mycelia form the fruiting body.

The gills of an Amanitamushroom contains basidiospores.

Karyogamy produces a diploid zygotethat undergoes meiosis.

Meiosis produces basidiospores, and the fusion of spores fromdifferent mating strains produces the primary mycelium.

3. In the life cycle of a zygomycete, after the zygospore isformed, the next event will be

karyogamy.

4. Why does champagne have bubbles?

CO₂ is used to makeglucose during respiration.

Yeast fermentation continues afterthe champagne is bottled.

Dead yeast cells releaseCO₂ into the bottles.

Yeast produce O₂ during aerobic respiration.

5. Many antibacterial antibiotics interfere with proteinsynthesis. Why would these not be a good target for antifungaldrugs?

Fungi can rapidly metabolizedrugs.

Fungi produce few proteins.

Chitin cell walls prevent uptake ofdrugs.

Human and fungal ribosomes areextremely similar to each other.

Fungi absorb proteins during decomposition of organicmatter.

6. Which molecule would be an indicator of fungal contaminationin a drug preparation?

Deoxyribose

7. Why can lichens live on bare rock?

UV radiation powers enzymes thatallow the fungus to extract organic material from itssurroundings.

The fungi are autotrophic.

The photosynthetic endosymbiontprovides the fungus with nutrition.

They absorb heat from the sun.

They secrete acids to liberate minerals from the bare rock.

8. What type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified bymycorrhizal fungi?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Atavism

Mutualism

9. In what way are bacteria and fungi similar?

Cell wall components

Ribosome structure

Design of the nucleus

Ecological function

10. he fungal group that is most closely related to ancestralfungi are the

Zygomycota.

Basidomycota.

Ascomycota.

Chytridomycota.

11.Select the INCORRECT statement(s) concerning reproduction ofthe mold Rhizopus.

Fungal hyphae are multinucleate andhaploid.

Meiosis comes immediately beforefertilization.

The germinating zygosporangiumcontains diploid nuclei.

Rhizopus exclusivelyreproduces asexually.

Zygospores are only produced after meiosis.

12. Primary mycelia contain twice as much DNA as secondarymycelia.

True

False

13.After severe floods homeowners often return home to find thewall of their homes covered in mold. How does mold survive on wetwallboard?

It eats the gypsum that makes upthe wallboard.

Spores from within the wallboardgerminate and start growing.

It uses the wallboard as asubstrate but extracts nutrients from the air.

It digests the cellulose in the paper backing.

14. Why is the term "fungal cell mitosis" not technicallyaccurate?

The septa between nuclei form priorto mitosis.

All of the mycelium undergoesmitosis at the same time.

All stages of mitosis occur withinthe nucleus.

The mitotic spindle spans across the perforations of thesepta.

15. Select the true statements regarding the lifecycles ofbasidiomycetes and ascomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

Basidiocarps and ascocarps arefunctionally equivalent.

Dikaryotic mycelia are the same asdiploid mycelia.

Ascogenic hyphae are functionallyequivalent to secondary mycelia.

Both basidiospores and ascospores are stored externally.

16. A division of fungi that lacks septa in their hyphae exceptwhen they form sporangia or gametangia is the

	ascomycetes.
	zygomycetes.
	chytridomycetes
	basidiomycetes. PLEASE HELP

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Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Mycology, Aureus, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

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