Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cellular Respiration, Karyolysis, Pyknosis
23 Sep 2016
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Tutorial 2: cell injury, adaptation, and cell death. Can be physiological or pathological: atrophy. Decrease in mass due to shrinkage in cell size. After paralization no nervous supply acting on muscles so shrinkage of muscles. Work out muscles- biceps will increase in size (phys) High blood pressure, heart needs to work harder therefore will enlarge in size (path: hyperplasia. Liver cells liver cells grow back after removed (phys) Excessive production of estrogen, excessive growth of endometrium (path: metaplasia. Changing of a cell into a different cell type. Smokers irritant to bronchi will change cell type in lungs to protect against smoking irritation (path) Acid reflux cells in lower esophagus will change cell type to accommodate irritation. Due to impaired ionic flow (sodium cant be pumped out of the cell so water rushes in the cell instead: fatty change/steatosis. Cell can revert to normal with removal of stimulis.
