Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Diffuse Axonal Injury, Neurofibrillary Tangle, Senile Plaques
17 Dec 2016
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Module 12- Diseases of the CNS
Key terms
Abscess- a localized area of infection filled with pus, and associated with tissue
destruction and/or swelling
Amyloid- an extracellular protein substance; it is a waxy, amorphous, and
eosinophilic material that may be stained with Congo red. Amyloid deposits are
composed of straight, non-branching fibrils.
Aphasia- loss of language function in which either understanding or expression of
speech or both are affected. Implies a cortical lesion in the dominant hemisphere.
Apoliprotein E- a protein involved in lipid transport in lipid transport in blood and
brain. Three isoforms exist, apoE3 (most common), apoE4 (associated with an
increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)) and apoE2 (may confer protection
against development of AD).
Astrocyte- a class of glial cells; star-shaped cell which provides mechanical
support and helps maintain the ionic composition within the central nervous
system.
Ataxia- incoordination, disruption of smooth precision of movements. Cerebellar
lesions are common causes.
Central Nervous System (CNS)- The central parts of the nervous system which
includes the brain and the spinal cord.
Chromatolysis- swelling and disintegration of neuronal cytoplasmic organelles
especially in response to axonal injury.
Contusion- a bruise; an injury of a part without a break in the skin, characrerized
by swelling, discoloration, and pain
Coup- a blow or injury at the site of impact; contre-coup—injury at the side
opposite the impact
Diffuse axonal injury- refers to a massive disruption of axonal integrity within the
white matter of the brain, generally following severe head trauma.
Encephalitis- inflammation of the brain
Epidural- located on or over the dura mater
Glia- cells that surround and support neurons in the central nervous system
Gyrus- the prominent rounded folds of cerebral tissue which comprise the
convoluted surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
Hematoma- a localized mass of blood, usually clotted, trapped in an organ,
space, or tissue, resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel.
Hemianopsia- loss of right or left visual field in both eyes. The lesion must be
located in visual pathways posterior to optic chiasm.
Hemiplegia- paralysis of one side of the body (often due to lesions on the
opposite side of the brain)
Lewy Body- The characteristic round, eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusions of
Parkinson’s disease
Meninges- Refers to the three connective tissue membranes covering the brain
and spinal cord (i.e. dura, arachnoid, and pia)
Meningitis- inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
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Document Summary
Abscess- a localized area of infection filled with pus, and associated with tissue destruction and/or swelling. Amyloid- an extracellular protein substance; it is a waxy, amorphous, and eosinophilic material that may be stained with congo red. Amyloid deposits are composed of straight, non-branching fibrils. Aphasia- loss of language function in which either understanding or expression of speech or both are affected. Implies a cortical lesion in the dominant hemisphere. Apoliprotein e- a protein involved in lipid transport in lipid transport in blood and brain. Three isoforms exist, apoe3 (most common), apoe4 (associated with an increased risk of alzheimer"s disease (ad)) and apoe2 (may confer protection against development of ad). Astrocyte- a class of glial cells; star-shaped cell which provides mechanical support and helps maintain the ionic composition within the central nervous system. Ataxia- incoordination, disruption of smooth precision of movements. Central nervous system (cns)- the central parts of the nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal cord.
