Psychology 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 91: Paraventricular Nucleus Of Hypothalamus, Neuropeptide Y, Sensory Neuron
2 Oct 2016
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Neuropeptide Y in humans inhibit the feeding circuit blocking satiety. The inhibition caused by
peptide Y may cause the inhibition of other neurotransmitters such as cholecystokinin (CCK), which
limits meal size by sensing the distention of the duodenum. This may cause eating without being
sensitive to the signals that the individual is full.
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN, PVA, or PVH) is a neuronal nucleus in the hypothalamus. It
contains groups of neurons that can be activated by stressful and/or physiological changes. Many
PVN neurons project directly to the posterior pituitary where they release oxytocin orvasopressin into
the general circulation. Other PVN neurons control various anterior pituitaryfunctions, while still
others directly regulate appetite and autonomic functions in the brainstem and spinal cord.
Short-term maturation effects are physiological changes that can affect outcome measurements.
Repeated testing that leads to extreme measurements becoming more normal is called regression toward the
mean.
Sensory stimulus is more referring to the type of information being received by your receptors
which elicits a response... ie: light, heat, touch, sound, etc.
Proximal stimulus is the stimulation that actually occurs when your sensory receptors are activated... the
neural activity.
Distal stimulus is the actual stimulus or object in the real world that you end up sensing and then
perceiving, which results in the proximal stimulus.
• Proximal Stimulus: In perception, the proximal stimulus refers to physical stimulation
that is available to be measured by an observer's sensory apparatus. It can also refer to the
neural activity that results from sensory transduction of the physical stimulation. are the
patterns of stimuli from these objects and events that actually reach your senses (eyes,
ears, etc.)
• Distal stimuli are objects and events out in the world about you. The distal
stimulus is an object which provides information for the proximal stimulus.
• The distal stimulus is an object which provides information for the proximal stimulus. The proximal
stimulusregisters, via sensory receptors, the information given by the distal stimulus.
o An example would be a person looking at a shoe on the floor. The shoe itself is the distal
stimulus. The image recorded onto the person's retina (sensory receptor) is proximal stimulus.
o Another example would be a telephone ringing. The ringing of the telephone is the distal
stimulus. The sound being recognized and understood as the ringing of a telephone, by our
sensory receptors, is the proximal stimulus.
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Document Summary
Neuropeptide y in humans inhibit the feeding circuit blocking satiety. The inhibition caused by peptide y may cause the inhibition of other neurotransmitters such as cholecystokinin (cck), which limits meal size by sensing the distention of the duodenum. This may cause eating without being sensitive to the signals that the individual is full. The paraventricular nucleus (pvn, pva, or pvh) is a neuronal nucleus in the hypothalamus. It contains groups of neurons that can be activated by stressful and/or physiological changes. Pvn neurons project directly to the posterior pituitary where they release oxytocin orvasopressin into the general circulation. Other pvn neurons control various anterior pituitaryfunctions, while still others directly regulate appetite and autonomic functions in the brainstem and spinal cord. Short-term maturation effects are physiological changes that can affect outcome measurements. Repeated testing that leads to extreme measurements becoming more normal is called regression toward the mean.
