Psychology 2135A/B Lecture 12: Cognitive Science 15 (1)
17 Jan 2019
School
Department
Course
Professor
Cognitive Science: Class 15
Affect:
• People let their likes and dislikes determine their beliefs about the world
• If you dislike something, you are likely to believe the risks are high and the benefits are
negligible
• If you like something, you are likely to believe the risks are negligible and the benefits
are high
Representiveness:
• Want to estimate probability but instead report an impression of similarity
• Willingness to predict the occurrence of unlikely events (base-rate neglect)
• Insensitivity to the quality of evidence
• If you have doubts about the quality of the evidence, stay close to base rates
When are we more likely to use System 1?
• Engaged in another effortful task at same time
• In a good mood
• Score low on depression scale
• Knowledgeable novice (vs. true expert)
• Score high on scale of faith in intuition
• Are (or made to feel) powerful
Decision making:
• Generating, evaluating, and selecting among a set of relevant choices
• Computational complexity at each stage
Satisficing (again):
• Abandon goal of making the optimum choice in favor of one that is satisfactory
o Search through a set of alternatives until a satisfactory one is found OR
o Search through a sample set of alternatives and pick the best one, given that it is
satisfactory
Elimination by aspects:
• Focuses on individual aspects (components) of choices
• Select some aspect and eliminate all alternative that fail to meet a criterion on that
aspect
• Select a new aspect and eliminate all alternative that fail to met criterion
• Lather, rinse, repeat until left with 1 choice
Document Summary
Cognitive science: class 15: people let their likes and dislikes determine their beliefs about the world. If you dislike something, you are likely to believe the risks are high and the benefits are negligible. If you like something, you are likely to believe the risks are negligible and the benefits are high. Representiveness: want to estimate probability but instead report an impression of similarity, willingness to predict the occurrence of unlikely events (base-rate neglect) If you have doubts about the quality of the evidence, stay close to base rates. In a good mood: engaged in another effortful task at same time, score low on depression scale, knowledgeable novice (vs. true expert, score high on scale of faith in intuition, are (or made to feel) powerful. Decision making: generating, evaluating, and selecting among a set of relevant choices, computational complexity at each stage. Simulator bias the tendency for the simulator to work ineffectively.
