Psychology 1000 Lecture Notes - Procedural Knowledge, Confirmation Bias, Blue-Collar Worker

• School: Western University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: Psychology 1000
• Professor: Laura Fazakas- De Hoog

Document Summary

Chapter 9b (refer to notes for part a) Deductive reasoning - top down reasoning from general principles to a conclusion about a specific cse. If all birds lay eggs, if a penguin is a bird. From specific facts to a general principle. Laws and theories are developed in this manner. Steps in the process: understand or frame the problem, generate some potential solutions, test the solutions, evaluate the results. Greeno (1978) 3 basic classes of problems: problems of arrangement, example: anagrams, using the letters in the following phrase list as many different words as you can think of: psychology class, problems of inducing structure. Move 2 matches to form 4 equal squares: problems of transformation. Effective problem-solving: well defined vs ill defined problems, barriers to effective problem solving: Irrelevant information: functional fixedness, unnecessary constraints, mental set. Problem-solving schema: mental blueprints (step by step procedures) to solve specific types of problems. Algorithms: simplest strategy, systematic trial and error, guaranteed solution.