BI256 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cladistics, Polyphyly, Evolutionary Taxonomy
Document Summary
Cladistics - classi es organisms int hierarchical monophyletic groups. Cladogram - nested hierarchy of clades presented as a branching diagram showing ancestral relationships between organisms based upon sharing of derived characters (synapomorphies) Clade - group consisting of single organisms and all its descents share derived character state. Synapomorphy of sh, frog, lizard, and monkey. A. monophyly a monophyletic taxon includes the most recent common ancestor and all its descendents of that ancestor. B. paraphyly a taxon is paraphyletic if it included the most recent common ancestor or all members of a group and some but not all descendants of that ancestor. C. polyphyly a taxon is polyphyletic if it does not include the most recent common ancestor of all members of a group the group has at least two separate evolutionary origins. Around of evolutionary change wishing the linage. Characters used to construct the rst cladograms come from a variety of sources.
