BI417 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Antiparasitic, Only Time, Somatic Hypermutation

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16 Nov 2016
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Chapter 4: anti(cid:271)ody stru(cid:272)ture and the generation of b-(cid:272)ell diversity. Antibodies are proteins that bind to ligands: ligand: epitope on antigen, antigen: molecules that stimulate immune response, very specific to one form of an antigen. Antigen can be a protein, carbohydrate (even nucleic acids) Nu(cid:272)lei(cid:272) a(cid:272)id a(cid:374)tige(cid:374)s a(cid:396)e(cid:374)(cid:859)t as (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374: binds to extracellular antigens, present in blood, lymph and mucosal surfaces, opsonizes extracellular pathogens. Can disable the pathogen, blocking it from infecting. Marking it for destruction for cells like macrophages or nk cells. Epitope: part of antigen an antibody binds to. Antibody can tell the change of a single phosphate group. Extracellular mediating responses outside the cell to extracellular antigens. Whe(cid:374) (cid:455)ou(cid:859)(cid:396)e (cid:448)a(cid:272)(cid:272)i(cid:374)ated the p(cid:396)i(cid:373)a(cid:396)(cid:455) (cid:373)ode of p(cid:396)ote(cid:272)tio(cid:374) is th(cid:396)ough a(cid:374)ti(cid:271)odies. B cells respond, making memory b cells that remember the pathogen so if you ever see it again your memory b cells are activated and make antibodies to protect you.

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