CC102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Westminster System, Procedural Justice, Irresistible Impulse
Module 1 Key Terms
Lesson 1
• Police = responsible for enforcement of law, investigation of crimes, and
arresting suspects
• Justice = ideals of fairness and objectivity
• Procedural Justice = fairness of procedures used in justice system to
arrive at decisions
• Social Justice = broad view of justice that places ideal within larger
cultural, economic, and political context
• Rule of Law = belief that law itself is supreme and all government
officials and individuals must abide by law
• Westminster Model = parliament or elected officials and the tradition of
rule of law are trusted to limit the powers of government and to protect
the rights of individuals
• Judicial Review = when government passes a law that is alleged to violate
an individual freedom, courts have responsibility to review constitutional
validity of law
• Reasoale Liits Cause = rights ad freedos are guarateed sujet
only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably
justified i a free ad deorati soiety
• Rational Connection = means adopted to limit rights and original
objective for limiting rights
• Courts = adjudicatory or fact-finding bodies where criminal cases are
prosecuted, and determinations of guilt rendered
• Criminal Justice = criminal law and procedures, includes both substantive
and procedural justice
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2
• Adversarial System = 2-sided structure which advocates from each party
(prosecution and defence) argue their case to an impartial/neutral jury
or judge to determine verdict (Canada)
• Crie Cotrol = assely lie odel that ephasizes the early stages
of justice system through efficient arrest and conviction of criminal
offenders
• La of Nature = all idiiduals are or ith ertai ialieale rights
that a’t e steed or iolated y state reated las
• Parliamentary Supremacy = courts have ability to strike down and make
laws
• Federalism = system of government where power is distributed among
central/federal level of government and smaller regional governments
• Oakes Test = legal framework for determining whether charter
limitation/violation was legally justifiable
• Minimal Impairment = least onerous limitation available to government
• Corrections = responsible for administration of a sentence handed down
by judge including management, treatment, and supervision of offenders
in community and correctional facilities
• “ustatie Justie = true justie, refers to auray of a deisio or
outcome
• Inquisitorial system = more collaborative effort to arrive at truth through
investigation of all available evidence by judge/panel of judges (civil law)
• Due Proess = ostale ourse odel that ephasizes the due proess
rights of individuals, ensures protections of individual rights and limiting
power of criminal justice personnel
• Constitution = supreme law of nation or state and sets out blueprint for
how ruling government will be organized
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