EC120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: W. M. Keck Observatory, Demand Curve, Labourd

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6 Dec 2015

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Ec120 lecture #20 the markets for the factors of production. Factors of production: the inputs used to produce goods and services: labour, land, capital. The demand for a factor of production is a derived demand. Capital is used to refer to equipment. Demand for labour is derived from the product itself. Demand for labour/labourers depends on the final product market. Price for labour is labeled as wages" instead of price on the y-axis". How does an apple producer decide what quantity of labour to demand: two assumptions: The firm is competitive both in the market for apples and in the market for apple pickers. The firm is a profit-maximizing firm: hire amount of labourers that will maximize profit. The production function and the marginal product of labour. Production function: the relationship between the quantities of inputs used to make a good and the quantity of output of that good. * increasing at a decreasing; diminishing marginal return of labour.

Related Questions

1. Marginal resource cost is

A) the increase in total resource cost associated with the production of one more unit of output.

B) the increase in total resource cost associated with the hire of one more unit of the resource.

C) total resource cost divided by the number of inputs employed.

D) the change in total revenue associated with the employment of one more unit of the resource.

2. Which of the following increases in labour demand is due to a change in the price of a related resource?

A) Software sales rise, thus increasing the demand for software developers.

B) Snowboarding increases in popularity, thus increasing the demand for the workers who make snowboards.

C) A decrease in the price of wood decreases the cost of furniture, thus increasing the demand for furniture workers.

D) A technological change increases output per worker in the computer industry, thus increasing the demand for computer workers.

3 The labour demand curve of a firm

A) will shift to the left if the price of the product the labour is producing falls.

B) is perfectly elastic if the firm is selling its product in a purely competitive market.

C) reflects a direct relationship between the number of workers hired and the money wage rate.

D) is the same as its marginal product curve.

beigealligator720

If labor productivity increases,

Question 8 options:

the demand for labor increases.

labor costs rise by equal increments.

jobs will relocate.

some workers will be laid off.

In labor markets, the substitution effect occurs when

Question 10 options:

a change in the price of a substitute input reduces the cost of capital.

a change in the price of a substitute input causes the demand for labor to change in the same direction.

a substitute good also functions as a compliment.

the cost of production falls enough that the firm will produce a larger amount of output.

The demand for labor is

Question 6 options:

	derived from the satisfaction that hiring the inputs provides the owner or manager of the firm more money.
	totally unrelated to the demand curve for the final product.
	derived from the demand for the final product being produced.
	derived from a utility-maximizing process similar to that used to derive the demand curve for goods and services.

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1. In a market economy, the high salaries of some star baseball players such as Adrian Gonzalez, are determined by

		Team owners, based on the total number of star athletes they plan to hire.
	B	advertising companies, based on what they are willing to pay to advertise their products at baseball games.
	C	the interaction of the demand for star athletes and the supply of star athletes.
	D	consumers, based on their willingness to watch baseball games.

2. Demand in factor markets differs from demand in product markets in that

	A	the demand for a factor of production is difficult to determine.
B		the demand for a factor of production is influenced by workers' productivity and by the producers' expected sales revenues, not by tastes and preferences of consumers.
C		demand for a factor of production is based on the tastes and preferences of firms.
D		demand for a factor of production is based on the tastes and preferences of resource owners.

3. The demand for labor is described as a derived demand because

A		it is derived by workers seeking to earn income to fund the consumption of goods and services.
B		it is derived by producers seeking to make profits by starting new businesses.
C		it is derived from the demand for products that use labor in the production process.
D		it is derived from government institutions that rely on labor markets for the purpose of raising tax revenue.

4. Which of the following is not an example of a derived demand?

A		Several of the animated films released between 1999 and 2001 failed to earn a profit, which caused some companies to stop making these films, thereby decreasing the demand for animators.
B		Seth Bullock, a personal injury attorney, complains that he is earning far less now than a few years ago largely because personal injury cases have been undercut by state laws limiting class-action suits and payouts on damages.
C		Millicent Manning, the owner of a furniture store, is concerned that her sales have fallen for the past six months. She attributes this to the downturn in the real estate market.
D		As advancements in medical technology increase the safety and success of laser eye surgery, the demand for opticians has decreased.

5. Marginal revenue product for a perfectly competitive seller is equal to

A		the output price multiplied by the total product of labor.
B		the output price multiplied by the number of workers hired.
C		the change in total revenue that results from hiring another worker.
D		the marginal cost of production.

6. What is the difference between labor's marginal product and marginal revenue product?

A		The marginal product of labor is the increase in output as a result of hiring an additional worker while the marginal revenue product of labor is the increase in profit as a result of hiring an additional worker.
B		The marginal revenue product of labor is the dollar value of hiring an additional worker while the marginal product of labor is the increase in the firm's physical output as a result of hiring an additional worker.
C		The marginal product of labor is the additional labor's contribution to the firm's total output while the marginal revenue product is the additional labor's contribution to the firm's total sales revenue.
D		Labor's marginal product is a measure of labor's productivity while labor's marginal revenue product is a measure of labor's ability to sell the firm's products.

7. What is the difference between a firm's marginal revenue and its marginal revenue product?

A		Marginal revenue is the change in sales revenue from selling one more unit of output while marginal revenue product is the profit earned from hiring one more worker.
B		Marginal revenue is the change in sales revenue from selling one more unit of output while marginal revenue product is the change in total revenue from hiring one more worker.
C		Marginal revenue is the increase in revenue when a firm raises its output price while marginal revenue product is the increase in the marginal product when a firm hires an additional worker.
D		There is no difference between the two terms.

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EC120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: W. M. Keck Observatory, Demand Curve, Labourd

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