GL102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Arkose, Mudstone, Siliciclastic
Document Summary
Products of a mechanical and chemical weathering. About 5% (by volume) of earth"s outer 16km. Sources of iron, aluminum, manganese, fertilizer, and raw materials for the construction industry. Turning sediment into sedimentary rock: diagenesis and lithification. All chemical, physical, and biological changes that occur after sediments are deposited, but prior to metamorphism. Upper few km of earth"s crust generally <200 o c. Development of more stable minerals from less stable ones. Unconsolidated sediments transformed into solid sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation. Natural cements include calcite, silica and iron oxide. Geographic setting and environmental conditions determine nature of the sediment that accumulates (grain size, grain shape, colour, etc) Study present environments and observe the same features in ancient rocks. Dominated by erosion and deposition associated with streams. In frigid environments, glaciers can move large volumes and sizes of sediment. Streams are a dominant factor in moving sediment. Quiet water conditions may form tidal flats.
