GS211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Henry James Sumner Maine, Political Philosophy, Welfare
Document Summary
Many critiques to mainstream top-down approaches (i. e. modernization rostow-style and isi) in 1970s and 1980s. Progressive activists and intellectuals start questioning notion of development itself. First official formulation of bottom-up approach: basic needs. Ilo + world bank focus development policy on poorest (1876) Big focus on agriculture and support for informal sector. Rationale: meetings bn of poor will help them and improve greater economic growth in long run. In many cases, bna was appropriated to re-label ongoing activities, technocratic programming where the poor were viewed as target groups rather than participants in development. Nevertheless, this approach further legitimized poverty reduction as an oda goal separate from growth. There are two major modalities of fostering participation: community development, process of bringing villages, urban neighbourhoods, and other household groupings into the process of managing development resources without relying on formally constituted government , local decentralization: Efforts to strengthen village and municipal governments on the demand and supply side.
