PS101 Lecture Notes - Dementia Praecox, Basal Ganglia, Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
● An individual experiences two radically different moods (at diff points)
○ Extreme highs (manic episodes, mania) → temporarily lose touch with reality;
optimism is delusional
○ Extreme lows (major depression)
○ Mood swings with relatively normal periods between (how long in each phase is
individually variable)
● No external cause for ups or downs
● Duration within a mood can be several months
Schizophrenia
● Once called ‘dementia praecox’
○ Latin for “one out of one’s mind before one’s time”
● Schizophrenia = division of mind/brain - split mind (not split personality)
● Psychosis - reality is challenged (see and hear things)
● Symptoms
○ 1. Delusions - false beliefs
■ Paranoid / persecution - others hurt them
■ Reference - others are talking to them
■ Influence - being controlled by others
■ Grandeur - special mission or purpose
○ 2. Speech Disturbances
■ Make up words
■ String by sounds
■ “Come into house, louse, mouse and cheese please sneeze”
○ 3. Disorders of Thought
■ Sudden interruption
■ Hard to link thoughts together logically
○ 4. Hallucinations
■ Both auditory and visual, auditory more common
○ 5. Emotional Disturbances
■ Affect is incongruent and inappropriate - sometimes flat (could be talking
about really sad things in a normal voice)
○ 6. Behaviours
■ Bizarre / odd (awkward habits/movements)
■ Disorganized
■ Catatonic
■ Can act violently (if you are perceived as a threat through hallucination)
● Etiology
○ Biochemical, anatomical, hereditary, and psychosocial factors
○ Main biochemical explanation is dopamine hypothesis
○ (too much in basal ganglia and too little in frontal cortex)
● Statistics
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Document Summary
An individual experiences two radically different moods (at diff points) Extreme highs ((cid:3247)manic episodes(cid:3248), (cid:3247)mania(cid:3248)) temporarily lose touch with reality; optimism is delusional. Mood swings with relatively normal periods between (how long in each phase is individually variable) No external cause for ups or downs. Duration within a mood can be several months. Latin for one out of one"s mind before one"s time . Schizophrenia = division of mind/brain - split mind (not split personality) Psychosis - reality is challenged (see and hear things) Paranoid / persecution - others hurt them. Reference - others are talking to them. Come into house, louse, mouse and cheese please sneeze . Affect is incongruent and inappropriate - sometimes flat (could be talking about really sad things in a normal voice) Can act violently (if you are perceived as a threat through hallucination) Main biochemical explanation is dopamine hypothesis (too much in basal ganglia and too little in frontal cortex)
