PS101 Lecture Notes - Lorazepam, Diazepam, Ketamine
Finishing consciousness
Types of Drugs (compensatory response → if taking drugs in same place, body gets used to it
and will adapt/prepare, tolerance → more resistance to it, need more drugs to get affect)
● Depressants
● Stimulants
● Opioids
● Hallucinogens
Neurotransmitters
Drugs
Functions
Glutamate
Ketamine
learning/movement
GABA
Diazepam, xanax ativan
valium
Anxiety regulation
Acetylcholine
Alcohol, nicotine
Attention, learning
Dopamine
Cocaine, heroine, meth
Movement, reward learning
Serotonin
Mood regulation
Ecstasy (MDMA), LSD
(hallucinogens) MOAs,
SSRIs, antidepressants
Norepinephrine
Amphetamines
Arousal, attention
Depressants
● Decrease nervous system activity
● Moderate doses – reduce anxiety, produce euphoria
● High doses – slow vital life processes, can be fatal
Alcohol
● Depressant
● Increases activity of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter-anxiety reduction)
● Decreases activity of glutamate (major excitatory neurotransmitter)
● Combination creates high then down phase
Stimulants
● Increase neural firing and arouse nervous system
○ Increase blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, alertness
○ Pattern: big high, big low
○ Everyday: caffeine-addictive/withdrawal
● Examples:
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