PS101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Myelin, Neuroglia, Axon Terminal
Finishing Touches on Statistics and Methods and Review
Review the experiment → independent variable, assignment to 1 of 2 memory strategy
conditions (operationalize)
Neuroscience - Part 1 The Brain
Neurons:
● Specialized cells that carry messages throughout the nervous system
● Electrochemical exchange - both electrical and chemical
● Differ in shape, size, and function
● Types of neurons (functions)
○ Afferent neurons (sensory) → relay information from the senses to the brain and
spinal cord
○ Efferent neurons (motor) → send information from the central nervous system to
the glands and muscles, enabling the body to move
○ Interneurons → carry information between neurons
● Anatomy of a neuron → parts
○ Cell body
○ Dendrites - branches
○ Axons - transmits signals to other neurons
○ Myelin sheath - fatty coating that acts as insulation
○ Nodes of ranvier - gaps in myelin sheath
○ Terminal buttons - chemicals stored inside buttons (point of transmission)
○ **know what each part does, won’t have to draw/label
Glial Cells:
● Glue that holds neurons together, 5 types of glia
● Role → blood-brain barrier, waste system management, myelin, can in some cases act
like a neuron
Firing of Neuron:
● Action potential: how neurons fire
● When neuron is at rest, inside is negatively charged relative to outside
● When neuron is stimulated, positively charged particles enter, action potential initiated
and neuron is depolarized
● Some positively charged particles are pushed outside neuron, neuron moves back
towards polarized state
● Neuron has returned to initial polarized resting state
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Finishing touches on statistics and methods and review. Review the experiment independent variable, assignment to 1 of 2 memory strategy conditions (operationalize) Specialized cells that carry messages throughout the nervous system. Electrochemical exchange - both electrical and chemical. Afferent neurons (sensory) relay information from the senses to the brain and spinal cord. Efferent neurons (motor) send information from the central nervous system to the glands and muscles, enabling the body to move. Axons - transmits signals to other neurons. Myelin sheath - fatty coating that acts as insulation. Nodes of ranvier - gaps in myelin sheath. Terminal buttons - chemicals stored inside buttons (point of transmission) **know what each part does, won"t have to draw/label. Glue that holds neurons together, 5 types of glia. Role blood-brain barrier, waste system management, myelin, can in some cases (cid:3247)act like a neuron(cid:3248) When neuron is at rest, inside is negatively charged relative to outside.
