PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Psychophysics, Behaviorism, Little Albert Experiment
Monday, January 8, 2018
PS102 Lecture 2
Chapter 1 Overview: History of Psychology !
-Four goals of psychologists:
•Description of what we observe: !
-What is depression? !
•Explanation of these observations!
-What causes depressive symptoms? !
•Prediction of the circumstances that lead to the expression of a specific behaviour!
-When are we more likely to see depressive symptoms? !
•Controlling behaviour !
-How can we prevent depressive symptoms in the future? !
-Levels of analysis:
•Mental processes and behaviours can be studied ay multiple levels of analysis: !
-The brain- brain structure and function !
•How is this neurotransmitter serotonin related to depression? !
-The person -thoughts and feelings !
•How do our thought patterns influence our feelings of depression? !
-The group- family friends and culture !
•How does having a social support system influence depression?!
-Psychology’s Early Roots
•Psychology early roots were in philosophy and psychophysics !
-Philosophy= the study of knowledge and reality!
•Ancient Greek philosophers- aprox 400 BCE !
-Socrates, Plato Aristotle !
•By the 1600s modern science began to thrive !
#1
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Monday, January 8, 2018
-Bacon Descartes, Locke !
-Psychophysics= the study of the relationship between physical stumble and
their psychological effects-pioneered in the 1800s !
•Ex : Herman von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner !
-The Early Days of Psychology
•Wilhelm Wundt !
-Opened the first psych lab in 1879 !
-Studied consciousness !
•G Stanley Hall !
-Credited with many firsts: !
•First psych lab in North America (1883); launched the first psych journal
(1887); helped established the APA (1892) !
•James Mark Baldwin !
-First psychology lab in Canada ( 1890) !
-Battle of the schools- what should be the focus of psychology? !
•Structuralism -lead by Edward Titchner !
-Sought to understand basic elements of consciousness !
-Relied on introspection !
•Functionalism- lead by William James !
-Sought to understand the function of the mind!
-Led to other schools of thought !
•Gestalt Psychologists: !
-Said consciousness cannot be broken down into elements !
-We precise things as a whole perceptual units!
•The whole is greater than the sum of its parts !
-Learning is tied to what we perceive !
#2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Four goals of psychologists: description of what we observe: What is depression: explanation of these observations. What causes depressive symptoms: prediction of the circumstances that lead to the expression of a speci c behaviour. When are we more likely to see depressive symptoms: controlling behaviour. Levels of analysis: mental processes and behaviours can be studied ay multiple levels of analysis: Psychology"s early roots: psychology early roots were in philosophy and psychophysics. Philosophy= the study of knowledge and reality: ancient greek philosophers- aprox 400 bce. Socrates, plato aristotle: by the 1600s modern science began to thrive. Psychophysics= the study of the relationship between physical stumble and their psychological e ects-pioneered in the 1800s: ex : herman von helmholtz, gustav fechner. The early days of psychology: wilhelm wundt. Opened the rst psych lab in 1879. Credited with many rsts: first psych lab in north america (1883); launched the rst psych journal (1887); helped established the apa (1892, james mark baldwin.
