PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Object Permanence, Egocentrism, Puberty
Monday, January 22, 2018
PS102 Lecture 5
Development Cont…!
-Cognitive Development:
•Piaget believed in nature and nurture !
-Children grow by maturation as well as by learning through interacting/playing
with the envionrment !
•Piaget believed that development proceeds in stages !
-Each stage represents a distinct way of thinking !
-Sensorimotor Stage: Birth to 2 years !
•Understand world through sensory experiences and physical interactions with
objects !
•Begin to acquire language !
•6-8 months develop object permanence !
-Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be
seen !
-Pre-operational Stage: 2-7 years !
•World is represented symbolically though words and mental images !
•Symbolic thinking enables pretend play !
•But some unique ways of thinking: !
-Do not understand conversation !
-Display egocentrism !
-Commit scale errors !
-Concrete Operational Stage: 7-11 Years !
•Easily perform basic mental operations involving tangible problems and situations!
•Now grasp conversation and other concrete transformations !
•Difficulties with abstract problems!
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Monday, January 22, 2018
-Formal Operational Stage: 11+ years !
•Can think logically about concrete and abstract probrlms !
•Able to form and test hypotheses !
-Assessing Piaget’s Theory: !
•Simulated a lot of research and provided a theoretical foundation upon which to
build but…!
-Development is a continuous process !
-Children show some mental abilities and operations at an earlier age than Piaget
thought !
-Formal logic is a small part of cognition, even for adults, than Piaget beloved !
-Vygotsky: !
•Social interaction is important for development.!
•Children learn thinking skills by internalizing language from others and developing
inner speech.!
•Development viewed as building a scaffold of mentoring, language and cognitive
support from parents, siblings, teachers and others. !
•Ideal level of instruction is the zone of proximal development-child cant quite do
aline but can with guidance of teacher/helper!
-Social and Emotional Development:
•Attachment:
-Strong emotional bond between children and primary caregivers !
-Important for survival development !
-Attachment process: !
•Newborns: Indiscriminate attachment !
•3 months: Discriminate attachment!
•7-8 months: Specific attachment !
•Two types of anxiety that accompany specific attachment: !
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Document Summary
Cognitive development: piaget believed in nature and nurture. Children grow by maturation as well as by learning through interacting/playing with the envionrment: piaget believed that development proceeds in stages. Each stage represents a distinct way of thinking. Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years: understand world through sensory experiences and physical interactions with objects, begin to acquire language, 6-8 months develop object permanence. Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be seen. Pre-operational stage: 2-7 years: world is represented symbolically though words and mental images, symbolic thinking enables pretend play, but some unique ways of thinking: Concrete operational stage: 7-11 years: easily perform basic mental operations involving tangible problems and situations, now grasp conversation and other concrete transformations, di culties with abstract problems. Formal operational stage: 11+ years: can think logically about concrete and abstract probrlms, able to form and test hypotheses.
