PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Developmental Psychology, Prenatal Development, Zygote
Monday, January 15, 2018
PS102 Lecture 4
Chapter 4: Development!
-Overview !
•Issues in developmental psychology !
•Studying development psychology !
•Prenatal development !
•Infancy and childhood !
•Adolescence !
•Adulthood !
-Issues in Developmental Psychology
•Development: !
-Refers to the continuities and changes that occur within the individual between
conception and death !
-The most dramatic changes occur early in the lifespan so we will focus there. !
•Nature and Nurture !
-How do our genes and experiences guyed development over our lifespan? !
•Change and stability !
-In what ways do we change as we age and in what ways do we stay the same? !
•Sensitive Period !
-How much flexibility do we have in the timing of our exposure to specific
environmental input in order for a specific ability to develop ‘normally’?!
•Continuity versus stages !
-Is development a gradual change or are there some leaps to a new way of
thinking or behaving !
#1
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Monday, January 15, 2018
-Studying Developmental Psychology
•Longitudinal Design:
-A developmental research design in which the same individuals are studied
repeatedly over some subset of their life span. !
-Example : Birth year 1925 !
-
-Advantage: !
•Can access developmental change! !
-Disadvantages: !
•Very expensive and time consuming !
•Selective attrition: !
-Loss of Ps such that the sample ends up being different from the population
as a whole!
•Original research question may become obsolete !
•Practice effects !
•Cohort effects!
•Cross-Sectional Design:
-A developmental research designing which individuals from different age groups
are suited at the same point in time. !
-Example: Time of test: 2000!
#2
Time of test
1930
1950
1975
2000
5 yrs
25 yrs
50 yrs
75 yrs
Birth Year
Age at Test
1925
75 yrs old
1950
50 yrs old
1970
30 yrs old
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Monday, January 15, 2018
-Advantages: !
•Less time consumed and expensive !
•Can uncover age differences !
-Disadvantages: !
•Cant distinguish age effects from cohort effects !
•Cant assess developmental change !
•Sequential Design:
-A developmental research design in which individuals from different age groups
are repeatedly tested over some subset of their lifespan !
-Example: !
-Advantages: !
•Less time consuming and expensive than longitudinal !
•Can assess developmental change !
-Disadvantages: !
•More expensive and time consuming than cross sectional !
•Cant generalize results to other cohorts !
-Parental Development
•Begins with conception: !
-Sperm and egg unite and bring genetic material together and form one organism !
-The fertilized cell is called a zygote !
#3
Time of test
Birth yr
1970
1980
1990
1950
20
30
40
1960
10
20
30
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Overview: issues in developmental psychology, studying development psychology, prenatal development, infancy and childhood, adolescence, adulthood. Refers to the continuities and changes that occur within the individual between conception and death. The most dramatic changes occur early in the lifespan so we will focus there: nature and nurture. How do our genes and experiences guyed development over our lifespan: change and stability. In what ways do we change as we age and in what ways do we stay the same: sensitive period. How much exibility do we have in the timing of our exposure to speci c environmental input in order for a speci c ability to develop normally": continuity versus stages. Is development a gradual change or are there some leaps to a new way of thinking or behaving. A developmental research design in which the same individuals are studied repeatedly over some subset of their life span. Disadvantages: very expensive and time consuming, selective attrition:
