PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Tuning Fork, Unconscious Mind, Iceberg
History
Psychoanalytic Theory
● Why the iceberg: conscious vs unconscious mind
● Conflict between unconscious and conscious
● Many foundations set in childhood
● Impact: personality, moral development, mental illness
● Evaluation: theory does not hold - therapy with augmentation/revision still practiced (to
do this kind of therapy must have a lot of money and time)
Behaviourism
● Examined processes by which experience influences behaviour
● Discovered laws of learning that apply to virtually all organisms
Behaviourism and Learning
● Classical - Pavlov
● Operant - Skinner
Classical-Stimulus Response
● Food → Salivating/Drooling
● UCS → UCR
● CS (tuning fork) → CR
Operant Conditioning
● Learning through consequences
● Thorndike’s Law of Effect
○ Satisfying consequence: more likely to occur
○ Unsatisfying consequence: less likely to occur
● Skinner
● Assumes behaviours are voluntary, under our control
● We have to emit a behaviour, operate on the environment, then associate this behaviour
with a positive or negative outcome
● Reinforcers increase the likelihood of a behaviour
● Punishers suppress behaviour
● Positive adds to enviro
● Negative removes from enviro (four quadrants from last term)
Social Learning
● Bandura
● Bobo Dolls
● Learn through observation
Humanistic Psychology
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Why the iceberg: conscious vs unconscious mind. Evaluation: theory does not hold - therapy with augmentation/revision still practiced (to. Impact: personality, moral development, mental illness do this kind of therapy must have a lot of money and time) Examined processes by which experience influences behaviour. Discovered laws of learning that apply to virtually all organisms. Assumes behaviours are voluntary, under our control. We have to emit a behaviour, operate on the environment, then associate this behaviour with a positive or negative outcome. Reinforcers increase the likelihood of a behaviour. Negative removes from enviro (four quadrants from last term) Rogers key phrase: unconditional positive regard. Applied: conducted specifically for the purpose of solving practical problems and improving people"s quality of life. Academic: expand knowledge base, test theories, research, teaching . Counselling and clinical: design, assess, and provide therapy: false, false, false, false, true, true, true, false, true, true.
