PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Short-Term Memory, Inattentional Blindness, Semantic Memory
Midterm 57 mc, 3 short answer
4 qs ch 1
4 qs ch 2
Executive
● Controls flow of information
● Coordinates systems
● Higher-order functions (strategies, metamemory - knowledge about your own memory,
etc)
Problem with the system
● Bottleneck
● Short term memory at top, long term at bottom (short term memory is limitation)
How can it work?
● Memory system comprised of mechanisms and processes which make it possible
● Attention
● Organization and rich encoding of information
● Long term memory
● Attention
○ Attention - just focus on what you need to attend to
○ Looking or listening isn’t as easy as you think (gorilla vid)
○ We only capture what we attend to
○ We filter out other available and maybe important information
○ Inattentional blindness - failure to notice obvious changes or events
○ Staring right at it but don’t see it
○ Similar filtering/spotlighting process occurs with auditory information → cocktail
party effect (eg don’t hear convos but would hear your name)
○ Levels of processing
■ How deeply you attend/code information
■ Surface and deep
■ Deeper = better memory
Attention: what can we take away? → multimodal, selective, cost to focus
attention, divided attention:
● Organization
○ Schema (eg, paragraph would make more sense if you knew it was about
laundry, you would remember more)
○ A cluster of interrelated concepts that organize and encode general knowledge of
people, objects, events, and procedures
○ Information is stored based on meaning to us as individuals
○ Schemas:
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Document Summary
Higher-order functions (strategies, metamemory - knowledge about your own memory, etc) Short term memory at top, long term at bottom (short term memory is limitation) Memory system comprised of mechanisms and processes which make it possible. Attention - just focus on what you need to attend to. Looking or listening isn"t as easy as you think (gorilla vid) We only capture what we attend to. We filter out other available and maybe important information. Staring right at it but don"t see it. Similar filtering/spotlighting process occurs with auditory information cocktail. Inattentional blindness - failure to notice obvious changes or events party effect (eg don"t hear convos but would hear your name) Multimodal, selective, cost to focus attention, divided attention: Schema (eg, paragraph would make more sense if you knew it was about laundry, you would remember more) A cluster of interrelated concepts that organize and encode general knowledge of people, objects, events, and procedures.
