PS260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Speech Perception, Coarticulation, Categorical Perception
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Ma(cid:374) is k(cid:374)ow(cid:374) as (cid:862)the talki(cid:374)g a(cid:374)i(cid:373)al(cid:863); a(cid:374)d la(cid:374)guage is assuredly a (cid:272)apital disti(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:271)etwee(cid:374) (cid:373)a(cid:374) a(cid:374)d (cid:271)rute la(cid:374)guage is a syste(cid:373) of sig(cid:374)s, differe(cid:374)t fro(cid:373) the thi(cid:374)gs sig(cid:374)ified, (cid:271)ut a(cid:271)le to suggest them. Phone (phonetic segment): smallest unit of speech, culture free system of identifying all sounds used in any language. Phoneme: smallest element of speech that makes a meaningful difference in a specific language. Distinguish phonemes on how they are produced: It was found that the *eel was on the axle. It was found that the *eel was on the shoe. It was found that the *eel was on the orange. It was found that the *eel was on the table. All show that top-dow processing pays an aimportant role in speech perception. Parti(cid:272)ipants listen to (cid:862)(cid:271)a(cid:863) for se(cid:448)eral se(cid:272)onds (cid:271)efore distinguishing (cid:271)et(cid:449)een (cid:862)(cid:271)a(cid:863) and (cid:862)pa(cid:863) Bottom-up (data-driven) processes: (a) categorical perception (b) adaptation effect on categorical perception.
