PS288 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Reinforcement, Smelling Salts, Electric Shock
Document Summary
Inherently aversive stimuli: aversive properties are unlearned, eg. Secondary aversive stimuli: acquire aversive properties by being paired with primary aversive stimuli, eg. Warnings, reprimands, no, disapproval: generally inconsistent effects o. Need to be followed by other consequences. Need to increase in intensity if used alone: strengths. Electric shock: only used in extraordinary situations, strengths. Produces rapid and marked change in behaviour after a few applications. Good alternative when other punishment procedures failed o. Can equipment serve as a discriminative stimuli for punishment. Lemon juice, smelling salts, water mist: strengths. Equipment may serve as discriminative stimuli for punishment (cid:1) Events that are positively valued are taken away: two types. Removal of a positive reinforcer for a certain period of time. Crucial ingredient is removing all sources of reinforcement. Time out ribbon: only receive social reinforcement with ribbon. Removal from situation: no opportunity to positively reinforce good behaviour, opportunity to engage in bad behaviour.
