ADMS 2320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Adhocracy, Organizational Culture, Iceberg
30 Apr 2018
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ADMS 2320 Tutorial 15 Notes – Levels of Culture
Introduction
• They get a coposite picture of the orgaizatio’s culture.
• This picture becomes the basis for feelings of shared understanding that members have
about the organization, how things are done in it, and the way members are supposed
to behave.
• Exhibit 10-1 demonstrates how these characteristics can be mixed to create highly
diverse organizations.
• Organizational characteristics are even reflected in your classroom, as the Experiential
Exercise.
• Some research has conceptualized culture into four different types based on the
Competing Values Framework we described the collaborative and cohesive clan
• The innovative and adaptable adhocracy, the controlled and consistent hierarchy, and
the competitive and customer-focused market.
• A review of 94 studies found that job attitudes were especially positive in clan-based
cultures, innovation was especially strong in market cultures, and financial performance
was especially good in market cultures.
• Although the Competing Values Framework received some support, the review authors
noted that further theoretical work is needed to esure that it’s cosistet with the
actual cultural values found in organizations.
• Because organizational culture has multiple levels, the metaphor of an iceberg has often
been used to describe it.
• However, a simmering volcano may better represent the layers of culture
• Beliefs, values, and assumptions bubble below, producing observable aspects of culture
at the surface.
• Exhibit 10-2 reminds us that culture is very visible at the level of artifacts.
• These are what you see, hear, and feel when you encounter a orgaizatio’s culture.
• How things are done in it, and the way members are supposed to behave.
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