BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Broccoli, Phagocytosis, Signal Peptide
Document Summary
Eukaryotic cell: distinct nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope, endomembrane system: membrane-bound organelles (compartments with specialized functions) & structures, energy generating units. = collection of interrelated internal membranous sacs that divide cell into functional. Functions include: synthesis, modification, & transport of proteins, synthesis of lipids & detoxification of toxins, eating/drinking & breakdown (digesting) large biomolecule containing substances. Membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (commonly found in all textbook definitions) A: it doesn(cid:495)t have a membrane, so according to this defn, no. Insulin: a peptide hormone, produced by pancreas beta cells. Regulates glucose levels in the body by signaling cells to absorb glucose from the blood (decrease blood-glucose level) Diabetes mellitus: result of defective insulin production or function. Made of 2 chains (a & b), linked via disulfide bond. Precursor insulin (preproinsulin) is translated as a single oligopeptide. Intermediate insulin (proinsulin) is formed by cleaving the signal peptide.
