BIOL 1500 Lecture Notes - Active Transport, Lipid Bilayer, Extracellular Fluid
Document Summary
Invagination plasma membrane folds in on itself; other compartments are formed when new membrane encloses on the folded ones. Eukaryotic cells about 1. 5 billion years after prokaryotes: typical features: dna contained in nucleus; internal structures into compartments; larger usually by 10 times; cytoplasm has organelles. In plant cells, there are 1,000-100,000 microscopic gap junctions called plasmodesmata. Cytoplasm and the cytoskeleton form the cell"s internal environment (shape/structure) provide its physical support controls intracellular traffic flow can generate movement with cilia in unison or flagella. Lysosomes round, membrane-enclosed, acid-filled vesicles that function as garbage disposals; enzymes in lysosomes represent broad spectrum of chemicals designed for dismantling macromolecules that are no longer needed by cells or by-products of cellular metabolism. Golgi apparatus processes molecules sythesized in the cell (primarily proteins and lipids); site of carb synthesis including complex polysaccharides found in many plasma membranes; not interconnected: er transports vesicles into cytoplasm, then to g. a.
