BIOL 2020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Furanose, Chemical Bond, Glycosylation
29 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecule in nature. Have a wide variety of cellular functions: energy, structure, communication, and precursors for other biomolecules. Sugar component of dna, rna: ribose component of ribonucleotides, deoxyribose component of deoxyribonucleotides. Covalently link to: proteins (glycoproteins, lipids (glycolipids) Monosaccharides, or simple sugars, are polyhydroxy (multiple hydroxides) aldehydes or ketones. Formula: (ch2o)n where n is 3 to 7. Sugars with an aldehyde functional group are aldoses. Sugars with a ketone functional group are ketoses. D form has hydroxyl on the right at the chiral carbon for the fischer projection. L form has the hydroxyl on the left of the fischer projection. Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other (wrt chiral carbon) are called enantiomers. Vertical lines are groups that are behind (facing away) Horizontal lines are groups that are coming towards you. Chiral carbon is at intersection of two lines. An increase in the number of chiral carbons increases the number of possible optical isomers.
