BIOL 2020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Glucagon, Cytochrome C Oxidase, Reduction Potential
29 Apr 2016
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Pyruvate is converted into lactate which regenerates nad+ (cofactor for glycolysis) Gluconeogenesis is not the exact reverse of glycolysis: 3 steps of glycolysis are irreversible so gluconeogenesis has to bypass those steps. Pep is the rst irreversible step encountered in gluconeogenesis. Review: gluconeogenesis; bypasses: synthesis of pep (phophoenolpyruvate) Steps 1 and 3 are the other two irreversible steps of glycolysis. Review: gluconeogenesis; bypasses: conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Review: gluconeogenesis; bypasses: formation of glucose from glucose-6-phosphate. Reverse is similar to step 3 in that a phosphatase is involved. High levels of atp will slow down glycolysis. Pyruvate has now been converted to acetyl-coa. Acetyl-coa now enters the citric acid cycle where it will be completely oxidized, producing nadh, fadh2, atp, gtp, and co2. The citric acid cycle is also known as: the krebs cycle, the tca cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) Step 1: introduction of two carbons as acetyl-coa.
